Enlightenment Flashcards
What was Hobbes social contract?
It was an agreement in which the people gave up their rights so they can get secure order and safety from the government.
What did Locke say was the government main role?
All people have the rights to life, liberty, and property, and the purpose of the government is to protect those natural rights.
What were the five main beliefs held by the French philosophies?
- Thinkers can find truth using reason.
- What is natural is good and reasonable, and human actions are shaped by natural laws
- Acting according to nature can bring happiness.
- By taking a scientific view, people and society can make progress and advance to a better life.
- By using reason, people can gain freedom.
What was the main idea for Voltaire?
Wrote against intolerance and criticized the laws and customs of France. Sent to prison twice for his thoughts. Fought for freedom of speech and freedom of press. Also, fought for tolerance and reason.
What was the main idea for Montesquieu?
Made a long study of laws and government. Thought government power should be separated into different branches. each should be able to check other branches to prevent them from abusing power. Wrote On the Spirit of Laws. Separation of powers.
What was the main idea for Rousseau?
Wrote strongly in favor of human freedom, He wanted society in which all people were equal. Wrote The Social Contract. Argued that government should be democracy, all are equal, fought for freedom of religion. Inspired many leaders of French Revolution.
What was the main idea for Beccaria?
Wrote about crime and justice, trials should be fair, and punishments should be made to fit the crime. Wrote On Crimes and Punishment. Accused should receive a speedy trial, argued against cruel and unusual punishment.
Wollstonecraft
Women’s rights. Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of a Women. Women should have same education as men, and should be able to participate in politics,
Did the Women’s role change during the Enlightenment>
Yes
What were three outcomes and long term effects of the Enlightenment?
- Spread the idea of progress
- Western society was more secular
- Promoted the notion that individualism was important
Where was the cultural center of Europe?
Paris
What was the aim of Diderot’s Encyclopedia? Who banned the book? Why?
The aim was to gather all that was known about the world. French government and officials in the catholic church banned the books because they didn’t like the ideas that were published.
What were some characteristics of the novel?
they are lengthy stories with many twists of plot that explored the thoughts and feelings of characters.
What influence did the Enlightenment have on some Monarchs?
Rulers followed these ideas in part but were unwilling to give up much power.
What changes did Enlightened Despot Fredrick the Great make?
Gave his people religious freedom, improved schooling and reformed the justice system. Prussia
What changes did Enlightened Despot Joseph II make?
Ended serfdom, introduced legal reforms and demanded laborers to be pain for work. Austria
What changes did Enlightened Despot Catherine the Great make?
DOUBLE CHECK ANSWER
Got new land for Russia, didn’t succeed in her efforts to make change. Russia
Hobbes
Wrote Leviathan, written after beheading Charles I, all people are born evil. Absolute monarchy is best government. Citizens can’t revolt. Governments job was to stop society from falling into disorder,
Locke
Wrote Treatises on Government, Believed in natural rights, people born good can learn from mistakes.Best government is Democracy. Citizens should revolt if government fails to provide the Natural Rights, which is the governments job to protect them.
The 5 main ideas of their philosophe
reason nature happiness progress liberty
what book did Mary Wollstonecraft write?
A vindication of the rights of women.
what book did Jean Jacques Rousseau write?
social contract
what book did Thomas Hobbs write?
Leviathan
what book did Cesar’s Beccaria write?
on crimes and punishment
what book did Baron de Montesquieu write?
on the spirit of laws
what book did John Locke write?
treaties on government
Denis Diderot
created the encyclopedia which had compiled books of enlightenment ideas
Franz Joseph Haydn
developed sonata and symphony
Wolfgang Mozart
began composing at age 5 and wrote over 600 musical works and died at 35
Beethoven
piano music, string quartets, and stirring symphonies this led to the romanticism period
Samuel Richardson
wrote “pamela” worlds true first English book
3 long term effects of enlightenment
- belief in progress
- a more secular outlook
- importance of the individual
