English Society 1509-47 Flashcards
Give an example of a way in which the monarch had more control over the nobility.
In 1541, Thomas Fiennes, Baron Dacre of the South, was tried for the murder of a neighbor’s servant.
How many gentry were estimated to be in 1540?
5000 families. 200 knight families in 1524.
How much did someone have to be worth to be appointed the title ‘gentleman’ by a royal herald in 1530?
£10 per annum.
How did commoners suffer between 1509-47?
The rate of inflation reduced incomes and there was little chance of regular and secure employment. This lead to more frequent full-scale rebellions.
What did Laws in the Wales Act of 1536 change?
- Wales was divided into shire countries which operated in the same way as their English counterparts.
- The Welsh shires were given direct representation in the House of Commons in Westminster.
- Wales was given the same legal framework as England.
What act reduced the independence of the bishop in exercising palatinate jurisdiction in Durham?
THE ACT RESUMING LIBERTIES OF THE CROWN in 1536. This act did not, however, destroy this independance. The palatinate court of chancery continued to operate.
Give an example of a noble who was bestowed property to exert royal authority on an area.
The Duke of Suffolk was endowed with property in Lincolnshire after a rebellion there in 1536.
How was the Welsh border administered?
The lands were under jurisdiction of the council of Wales and the marches. This offered cheap and local access to the law and was therefore a benefit to the area.
What were the problems with the Anglo Scottish border and how was this improved?
This area was difficult to police, because it was remote and inhospitable in the winter months. Therefore it had a reputation for lawlessness: cattle and sheep rustling was rife and violence was common.
Therefore, the border was split into three marches which were under the jurisdiction of a warden. Such a warden couldn’t have been a local noble, because then Henry would run the risk of this noble exploiting his office at the expense of the king. Therefore, the options were appointing an outsider or local officers from the local Genry.
How did Henry try to govern the north?
He tried to reestablish a council based in York with legal and administrative functions.
What rebellion occurred in 1525?
Resistance to the Amicable Grant in 1525 was widespread. The Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk faced 4000 tax resistors, in particular unemployed cloth workers who found it impossible to pay the grant.
What rebellion occurred in 1536?
The Lincolnshire rising and the Pilgrimage of Grace - comprised the largest Tudor rebellion. It started in Lincolnshire and spread over the Humber into the East Rising of Yorkshire and continued into the West Riding, Pontefract and Wakefield. A second rising started in the Dales into Westmoreland, North Lancashire and Cumberland into Durham. The second rising was more radical as they were more hostile to the gentry.
What motives were behind the Lincolnshire rising and the pilgrimage of grace?
- Religious motives
In 1536, the dissolution of the monasteries was under way. This led to the loss of: charitable and educational functions, possible loss of parish churches, the fear that the North would be impoverished when church land fell into the hands of the southerners and the usefulness of the facilities and services offered by monasteries. The 1536 Injunctions drawn up by Cromwell were seen as attacking traditional religious practices: the celebration of locally important saints (eg St Wilfred) in parts of yorkshire were discouraged, pilgrimage was also discouraged and church plate and jewels may be confiscated. - Secular motives
Resentment of taxation was a grievance for most.
The imposition of the Duke of Suffolk upon Lincolnshire may have been the trigger of the rising.
A courtly conspiracy prompted by the councillors who supported Catherine of Aragon to restore Princess Mary as the heir. These courtiers were able to exploit resistance in the north to put pressure on the king.
The extension of the rebellion west of the Pennines has been linked to tenant grievances.
Why was the Lincolnshire rising significant?
- The northern rebels occupied York, Hull and Pontefract Castle.
- The army sent North by the Duke of Norfolk was outnumbered by the rebels near Doncaster.
- A renewed rebellion occurred in 1537, which was suppressed by the duke of Norfolk by declaring martial law and hanging 74 rebels.
