English revolution key dates/time line Flashcards
What happened on the 27th March 1625?
Accession of King Charles
What happened in 1625?
First Parliament
What happened September 1625?
Cadiz expedition
- Sent an invasion fleet of ships to Spanish port of Cadiz - cost £120,000
- Humiliating fiasco, failed to capture the port - parliament furious and EXPENSIVE failure blamed on Buckingham
What happened 1626?
second parliament
What happened February 1626?
York House conference
- debate chaired by Buckingham (not v. religous)
- The conference was designed to pull Charles away from Anti0Calvanust religion (Armenians)
- Buckingham took a pro-Arminian stance to support Charles
- Charles did not change as he would not change his religous policies
What happened November 1627?
5 knights case
- King ordered imprisonment of 76 gentry who refused to pay the sums of money requested by force loan
- 5/76 were trailed
- king used his own prerogative to imprison without trial
What happened between 1627-28? (forgein)?
La Rochelle raids
- Buckingham launched a naval expedition to relieve the Huguenots (ENG vs FRA)
- Direct assault failed due to the English scaling ladders being too short
- EXPENSIVE defeat
- Charles spent all of this funding so had to recall parliament
What happened March 1628?
3rd Parliament
What happened August 1628?
Assassination of Buckingham
- Public celebrations broke out after this death
- Charles held parliament responsible
- Charles could reallocate patronage
What happened March 1629?
3 resolutions
- Black rode came to dissolve parliament - not allowed to enter
- lead to Common protestation of 1629
What happened 1629?
- Dissolution of 3rd parliament
- same day at 3 resolutions
- Charles realised he would not gain his tonnage and poundage so sent black rode to dissolve parliament
- beginning of personal rule (not recalled till April 1640)
- peace with France
What happened November 1630?
- Treaty of Madrid
What happened in 1631?
- New book of orders
- significant reform of local government
- popish soap monopoly agreed (Charles earned £33,000)
What happened 1632?
- Death of sir John Eliot
What happened 1633?
- Laud become Archbishop of Canterbury
- Reissue of book of sports
- Wentworth become lord deputy of Ireland
What happened 1634?
- 39 articles introduced to Ireland
- Prynes Ears lopped
What happened 1635?
- Ship money extended (raised £300,00pa (equivalent of 3 parliamentary subsidies)
- 90 % compliance
What happened 1636?
- Bishop Juxton becomes Lord Treasure
What happened 1637?
- July 1637 - prayer book introduced in Scotland
- Prayer book riots in Scotland
- Ship Money trial of John Hampden
- trial and punishment of puritan pamphleteers
What happened February 1638?
- Scottish National Covenant established
- lead by presbyterian radicals
- declaration upholding Scots rights to their own faith but not against the king
What happened 1638?
- Fenland riots in Norfolk
What happened 1639?
- Recall of Wentworth
- Oath of Allegiance in York
- 1st Bishops war (reaction to the enforcement of the new prayer book)
What happened in the first half of 1640?
Short Parliament (April - May)
- Due to the king not having enough money to fight the Scots, Wentworth wanted to recall parliament
- picking a clear outline of what he wanted to get it was dissolved 5th May with neither subsides granted nor grievance discussed
- Pacification of Berwick 18th June
- 2nd Bishops war started
What happened in the second half of 1640?
Long Parliament (November)
- 2nd Bishops war came to an end with the Scots having York (September) and the Treaty of Ripon signed
- Events in Scotland caused the recall of parliament
- Treaty of Ripon stated that the king must recall parliament and he can not dissolve parliament until the Scots were paid off
What happened 1641?
- Execution of Strafford
- turning point in relations between King and Parliament
- Ireland - full rebellion broke out
- 7th December 16410 - militia bill removed the kings power to summon the militia
- Grand remonstrance
What happened in the Irish rebellion 1641?
- Strongly Catholic nation (caused anxiety for monarch)
- reasons:
+ constitutional reform - Wentworth’s recall to England recall to England created a power vacuum in Irish government. Long par started to put in a plan to enforce/strength anti-Catholic legislation
-significance:
+radicalisation of Long par due to the intensity of Catholicism
What happened Grand remonstrance 1641?
- November, Pym introduced a document outlining his criticisms of Charles’s rule including a long list of grievances over financial and religous matters
What happened in 1642? (failed arrest)
- King thought he was strong enough to reinsert his royal authority
- 4th Jan 1642 Charles assembled 500 soldiers and marched into Westminster (broke parliamentary privilege as he enter Commons)
- Angered a lot of MPs
- Charles failed to arrest the 5MPs
What happened in 1642? (outbreak of civil war)
- Broke out due to political problems . Led to increasingly charged public demonstrations followed by rising armies
- Early strengths of the royalist cause:
+ greater access to money, better equipped, earl of Worcester donated £300,000, greater access to tax revenues, better structure
What happened 1643?
- The oxford treaty negotiations
- failed attempt at negotiations whereby parliament stuck to its issues raised in the 19 proposition
- allowed negations to carry on until march before killing the treaty
- royalist agreement with the Irish confederates
- Solemn league and Covenant
What happened 1644?
- formation of the committee of both kingdoms
- Battle of Marston Moor
What happened 1645?
- Directory of Worship is issued
- Formation of New Model Army
- Battle of Naseby
What happened 1646?
- Surrender of the king to the Scots
- Newcastle Propositions
- Westminster assembly issues its confession of faith
What happened 1647?
Cornet Joyce seizes the king
- Putney Debates
- Engagement with the Scots
What happened 1648?
- Vote of no Addresses
- Siege of Colchester
- Prides Purge
What happened 1649?
- Trial and execution of Charles I
- Formation of the council of state
- Cromwell’s invasion of Ireland
What happened 1650?
- Treaty of Breda
- Toleration Act
- Battle of Dunbar
What happened 1651?
- Scots invasion of England
- Battle of Worcester
What happened 1652?
- Petition of the Army officers
What happened 1653?
- Dissolution of the Rump
- Nominated Assembly
- Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector
What happened 1654?
- Union of England and Scotland
- Western Design
- 1st Protectorate Parliament
What happened 1655?
- Penruddock’s Uprising
- Rule of the Major Generals
- Jews allowed back into England
What happened 1656?
- 2nd Protectorate Parliament
- Trial of James Naylor
What happened 1657?
- Humble petition and advice
What happened 1658?
- Dissolution of the second protectorate parliament
- death of Oliver Cromwell
- Instillation of Richard Cromwell
What happened 1659?
- 3rd Protectorate Parliament
- Reinstatement of the Rump
- Resignation of Richard Cromwell
What happened 1660?
- Recall of the Long Parliament
- Convention Parliament
- Restoration of King Charles II
