English Revolution Flashcards
What was the relationship like between Crown and House of Commons at the end of the 16th century and why?
increasing tension between Crown and House of Commons due to Puritanism
What was a key characteristic of James I ‘s reign?
Absolutism increased, taxes dened, censorship of Puritanism
Who censored Puritanism?
Laud
When and why did the Mayflower leave England?
1620, Puritans cannot reform England, so they create NEW ENGLAND
What were the main characteristics of Charles I’s reign?
war against Scots to reform Church, bankruptcy, Short and Long Parliament
What were the issues that actually started the English Revolution?
- ) political
- )class
- ) economy
- ) religious
- ) ideology
- ) absolutist monarchy vs Parliament
- ) aristocracy vs bourgeoise
- ) Crown raises taxes vs. individual property
- ) Anglican Church vs. Puritan Church
- ) Divine Right vs. freedom of individual
What are the differences between the Royal Army and the New Model Army?
New model army
support from people, well financed, democratic, rise by merit
What was the Soldiers Council?
debates for after war situation (strategy of army, politics, religion)
elected 100 people into Parliament
What is the key motto of the Soldiers Council?
Religious freedom for everybody
What did the Soldiers Council do to the NMA?
debates contribute to the poltization of the army
What happend with Chrales I in 1646?
He was put under house arrest
Who were the MP’s of the Parliament in 1647?
Presbytarians 150
Independents 100
What was the plan of the Presbytarians?
they wanted to disband the army, create a Presbytarian state church also Puritan
What would be the consequences of a Presbytarian state church?
It is a sign of control and would end religious toleration and freedom of sppech
What was the plan of the Independents?
keep the army and grant religious toleration for everbody except Catholics
When and how did the conflict between Presbytarians and Independents escalate?
Independents marched into and occupied London in 1648 due to Presbytarian’s secret negotiations with the King
in the late 1648 Presbytarians were thrown out
Rump Parliament
When did the Regicide occur?
Charles I was executed by Oliver Cromwell in 1649
Why was the regicide so significant?
- first time that people killed a monarch in England
2. end of divine rule
Who did Oliver Cromwell become after the regicide?
he was head of the English Commonwealth (11 years) and Council of State
What changed during the English Commonwealth?
- parliament
- property
- document
- democracy
- tax
- challenge
- aboltion of the House of Lords
- confiscation of royal property
- Agreement of the People
- universal male suffrage
- property tax wanted but not pushed
- left wing challenge (Levellers)
Timeline
1603 1620 1625 1638 1639 1640, April, November 1646 1648 1649
1603- death of Elizabeth I 1620- Mayflower 1625- Charles I 1638- Parliament denies tax 1639- War against Scotland 1640- bankruptcy of Crown April 1640- Short Parliament November 1640- Long Parliament 1646- Chrales I house arrest 1648- Rump Parliament 1649-Regicide
