Commonwealth and Glorious Revolution Flashcards
What was the Commonwealth?
the first bourgeoise government with a bourgeoise free will “kingdom of christ….”
Why was a complete free bourgeoise free will not possible?
would result in chaos
lex naturalis
freedom, natural right
homo homini lupus
society: everybody for himself
bellum omnia contra omnes
society: everybody against everybody
Why do people live in a society?
gain honour or profit
What is needed for a civilized society?
lex civilis
authorization of majority to have a sovereign
Rump Parliament
1650, Independents
What was passed in the new Parliament of 1653?
- property clause: men with property of over 200 pounds can vote MP’s
- Lord Protector (hereditary)
- Committee for the Propagadition of the Gospel
- Presbytarian state church
What were the consequences of the term Lord Protector?
notion of puritan equality gone
What does the Committee for the Propagadition of the Gospel signify?
the close tie of state and church
What does a Presbytarian state church imply?
a puritan clergy, and censorship of all printing
The Commonwealth is a ….
puritan state monopoly, a dictatorship in terms of NMA, religion, and freedom of speech
What were the signs of the disintegrating Commonwealth?
1658 Richard
1658.60 famine (economy disintegrating)
What was the consequence of the disintegration?
1660 a delegation was send to France to bring back Charles II
What was the compromise with Charles II? (his demands)
Land, Political, Religious Settlement
Land Settlement of Charles II meaning and consequences
land shall be given back to the royalists resulting in the royalists’ gaining political influence
Political Settlement of Charles II meaning
House of Lords restored
1661 Cavalier Parliament
What was so important about the Cavalier Parliament?
the first development of political parties
Whigs
liberals (middle class)
Tories
conservative (royalists)
Religious Settlement of Charles II meaning and consequences
Anglican Church (no Puritanism, no radical sects) emigration of Puritans to the Americas exploded
Who was Charles II?
a king influenced by French lifestyle
Exclusion Crisis When? Charles & Tories Whigs left Wing (people)
1670s
James (catholic son of Charles II)
Mary (James oldest daughter) married to William of Orange
Duke of Monmouth
1681
Charles desolved Parliament
When did James II come to the throne?
1685
When and why was the hope of Mary rising to the throne crushed?
1687 birth of James’ son
5th November 1688
Glorious Revolution
Process of Glorious Revolution
- gelegation was send to NL to invite William and Mary to rule as dual monarchs in England
- James fled to France
What was so glorious about the Revoloution?
no blood shed
What is the English Bill of Rights?
1689
it describes the rights and duties of monarch and Parliament
England is after the Bill of Rights…
a parliamentary monarchy
What does “Crown in Parliament” mean?
Parliament had the power
What is the English constitution made of?
Magna Charta 1215
Bill of right 1689
common law
conventions
Bill of Rights
taxation
by Parliament
monarch gets salary
Bill of Rights
legislation
by Parliament except foreign affiars until 1730s then Cabinet
What did develop after the Bill of Rights?
Cabinet System (apointed ministers) =/ Parliament
Bill of Rights
army
Crown: head of the army –> not allowed to declare war
Bill of Rights
Church
monarch is the head of the Anglican Church (no more Catholics allowed)
