English for Academic and Professional Purposes

Question 1

Systematic, Scientific, Investigating and gathering information to answer a particular problem..
Establishes facts and reach conclusions.
Can be done in various fields, arts, humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, technology and health sciences.

Answer 1

Research

Question 2

Types of research Report

Answer 2

1. Survey Report
2. Field Report
3. Laboratory or Scientific Technical Report

Question 3

Presents findings from a survey focusing on collecting opinions, behaviors or characteristics of a specific population.
Includes the methodology, results, analysis and recommendations gathered from the respondents. Aimed for decision-makers or researchers.

Answer 3

Survey Report

Question 4

Documents observation, experiences, and data collected during the fieldwork, often in a natural or real-world setting. Includes observations made, environmental conditions, challenges faced, gathers qualitative insights. Aimed for researchers, project managers and field studies.

Answer 4

Field Report

Question 5

Presents the methods, processes results and conclusions of scientific experiments or technical research conducted in a controlled environment. Includes methodology, experimental design, data analysis, results, discussion and conclusions. Aimed for the scientific community, researchers and industry professionals that need in-depth study and further study.

Answer 5

Laboratory or Scientific Technical Report

Question 6

Identification/Analysis

Answer 6

Refer to PPT

Question 7

It means the observed group is aware of the presence of the researcher and that their behavior is being observed.

Answer 7

Overt Observation

Question 8

It means the participants are not aware of the presence of the researcher; or being observed.

Answer 8

Covert Observation

Question 9

Allows the researcher to interact actively with the subjects. In some cases, researchers immerse themselves in a group or community for a long period of time.

Answer 9

Participant Observation

Question 10

A type of observation allows the researcher to observe the subjects without interacting with them. Hence, the subjects do not know that they are being observed. This type of observation is usually employed by psychologists when observing animals and children.

Answer 10

Non-participant Observation

Question 11

Occurs when the researcher has a list of behaviors that he/she wants to observe.

Answer 11

Structured Observation

Question 12

Occurs when the researcher allows behaviors to emerge. These behaviors are then documented through an in-depth narrative account.

Answer 12

Unstructured Observation

Question 13

A procedure undertaken scientifically and systematically to make a discovery and to test hypothesis.

Answer 13

Experiment

Question 14

An experiment can be performed in a laboratory or in natural setting following these steps:

Answer 14

1. Develop the hypothesis.
2. Design the experiment.
3. Make observations.
4. Conduct the experiment. Replicate the experiment to ensure the reliability of the results.
5. Analyze the results.
6. Decide on whether to accept or reject the hypothesis based on the results.

Question 15

It is an instrument that allows the
researcher to qualitatively gather data.
Responses during this are usually
open-ended.

Answer 15

Interview

Question 16

Stages of Interview

Answer 16

1. Pre-Interview Stage
2. Warm-Up Stage
3. Main Interview Stage
4. Closing Stage

Question 17

It is when an interview guide is prepared and respondents are identified and contacted.

Answer 17

Pre-Interview Stage

Question 18

It is the initial part of the interview when questions that
will make respondents more at ease are asked.

Answer 18

Warm-Up Stage

Question 19

It is when the main questions directly related to the
research questions are asked.

Answer 19

Main Interview Stage

Question 20

It is when questions are asked to wind down the interview and respondents are acknowledged and thanked

Answer 20

Closing Stage

Question 21

It is more quantifiable. Responses in a questionnaire are usually
dichotomous and use an identification type of test. In some cases, open-ended questions are incorporated in the questionnaire.

Answer 21

Questionnaire

Question 22

What are the different research instruments?

Answer 22

1. Survey
2. Questionnaire
3. Observation
4. Interview
5. Experiment

Question 23

Parts of a Questionnaire

Answer 23

1. Personal Information Section
2. Basic Information Section
3. Main Question Section
4. Open-ended Question Section

Question 24

It includes the name (optional), age, date of birth, address, educational
background and other personal information about the respondent.
Note: that only personal information relevant to the research study
should be asked.

Answer 24

Personal Information Section

Question 25

It includes the name (optional), age, date of birth, address, educational
background and other personal information about the respondent.
Note: that only personal information relevant to the research study
should be asked.

Answer 25

Basic Information Section

Question 26

It contains questions that are directly related to your research. It is ideal
to have multiple questions for each specific research question. The
greater the number of questions, the greater the possibility of more
conclusive results.

Answer 26

Main Question Section

Question 27

Asks for a brief explanation or response to an open-ended question.

Answer 27

Open-ended Question Section

Question 28

General Guidelines in Preparing an Instrument

Answer 28

1. Do a preliminary research by visiting your library, or checking online sources.
2. Talk to a person who is knowledgeable in preparing research instrument
3. Master the guidelines in preparing and administering each type of instrument.
4. Clarify your research questions. Be sure that your instruments will directly address your specific research questions.
5. Based on the data you need, decide on the number of people whom you want as respondents or participants
6. Prepare the instrument using the appropriate format.
7. Edit your instrument.
8. Pilot your instrument to further improve its quality. After receiving the feedback from your pilot, make the necessary revisions.