English civil war Flashcards
Charles I’ wife
Henrietta Maria - French Catholic, people feared their children are secretly brought up as Catholic.
When and why did he call parliament after eleven years’ tyranny
In April 1640, he was forced to call parliament to pay for a war against the Scots over the prayer book.
Eleven years’ tyranny
Charles wanted parliament to raise tax, however they refused, in March 1629,he dismissed the parliament and started his personal rule.
Long term causes
Divine right- Charles believed he had been chosen by God, so he can rule whatever he liked, this angered the parliament.
His catholic wife-Hernietta Maria.
1629 and so on, Charles rule the county without the Parliament.
Short term causes
Charles badly needed money and in 1635 he demanded ship money from inland counties. This was the tax for coastal counties only,Charles asked everyone to pay.
Charles appointed Archbishop Laud, and introduced Catholic prayer book to force the Scots to follow. Revolts broke out, people worried Charles is a catholic.
In 1640, Charles finally recalled the parliament for the money to appease the war in Scotland. However arguments broke out.
Stratford was executed after.
Trigger causes
In November 1641, the Irish Catholics rebelled against the Protestant rulers, there were rumours spreading many Protestants were killed.
By December the parliament published a list of demands for Charles.
In January 1642, Charles failed the attempt to arrest his five most opponent critics in the House of Commons.
In August he raised his standard at Nottingham and declared war on Parliament.
The first English civil war
Parliament with their new model army fought against the royalist.
Parliament won, the King was surrounded to the scots.
What are the key battles in the first civil war?
Marston Moor
The second civil war
Charles secretly persuaded the Scots the Parliament won’t treat them any better than he did.
With their support they went into war again.
Parliament won.
Why did the parliament win?
The new model army was well trained and equipped. Men were promoted on their ability rather than titles.
What happened afterwards
Tenth of males died.
King was put in treason and executed in 1649.
Oliver Cromwell took over, became the ‘Lord Protector’ in 1653, England became more Puritan.
In 1660 Charles II reclaimed the throne, monarchy was restored.
