ENGLISH Flashcards
basically found in
the newspaper
informing readers of
what is happening
in the world around
them
NEWSPAPER
is defined as a
formal address or
discourse delivered
SPEECH
it is a quality of keeping a clear content in writing that helps readers follow and comprehend much easily.
CLARITY
the logical bridge between words, sentences and paragraphs. It
uses devices to connect ideas within each sentence and paragraph.
COHERENCE
concerns with the flow of sentences from one to another.
COHESION
is the quality of having a sound basis of logic in facts. Something is valid when it is true and correctly supported by evidence. In conducting a research, it is important to set it right from the beginning.
VALIDITY
it is the degree to which the result of a measurement is exact or
accurate and can be proven by repeating the measurement or procedure, eventually giving you the same result.
RELIABILITY
evaluating by getting the similarities of two things
COMPARING
evaluating by getting the differences of two things
CONTRASTING
tools or materials that provide support and facilitate understanding of texts
TEXTUAL AIDS
works well for mapping
generic information,
but particularly for
hierarchical
relationships
DESCRIPTIVE OR THEMATIC MAP
organizing a
hierarchical set of
information, reflecting
superordinate or
subordinate elements
NETWORK TREE
organizing information
relating to a main idea
or theme does not fit
into a hierarchy
SPIDER MAP
useful in organizing
information that
contains cause and
effect problems and
solutions
Problem and Solution Map
helps students to
compare different
solutions to a problem
PROBLEM SOLUTION OUTLINE
useful in information with cause-effect
relationships are complex and non-
redundant
FISHBONE MAP
help students to compare two concepts
according to their features.
COMPARATIVE AND CONTRASTIVE MAP
effective for organizing information along a
dimension such as less to more, low to high, and few to
many.
CONTINUUM SCALE
can help students organize information
according to various steps or stages
SERIES OF EVENTS CHAIN
useful for organizing
information that is
circular or cyclical, with
no absolute
beginning or ending.
CYCLE MAP
is effective for
organizing events in
terms of a chain of
action and
reaction
HUMAN INTERACTION OUTLINE
has a reading path where texts and visuals are combined.
NON-LINEAR TEXT
are visual representations of information on parts or segments as a proportion, percentage, or fraction of the whole.
PIE CHARTS
commonly used to show trends. They are easy to read because
the reader can identify the trend based on the direction of the line.
LINE GRAPHS
consist of columns or bars arranged horizontally or vertically.
Normally, they are used to show comparison between variables.
BAR GRAPHS
consist of facts and figures arranged in columns and rows for quick reference. This will ease the understanding of complicated facts and figures.
TABLES
visual representation of information
that aims to make the data easily understandable at a first glance.
INFOGRAPHIC
divides sample values into many intervals and represents the
frequency of data values in each interval with a bar.
HISTOGRAM
refers to the time and place when and where the story happens.
SETTING
refers to the sequence of events
PLOT
Introduction of the characters
EXPOSITION
The existing of a struggle and the ways the character
overcomes and copes, or get overwhelmed by it.
RISING ACTION
The highest point of interest in the story or the
complication of a struggle. It is also known as the Point
of no Return. Here the main character makes a major
decision or is affected by a major decision and life is
never the same for him or her.
CLIMAX
The part where the problem starts to untangle
FALLING ACTION
Usually, referred to as the end of the story. Oftentimes,
this could be open-ended.
DENOUMENT
refers to how the characters are shaped by their dialogues
and how they interact with other characters or by how
they think.
CHARACTERIZATION
usually refers to whether the paragraphs are in the right order for the user to follow, making it easier to read.
TEXT STRUCTURE
deals with one’s ability and capacity to carefully and
properly analyze the sound/s listened to.
ANALYTICAL LISTENING
It is also called ___________ as it requires the
listener to provide significant and evaluative feedback or response on what she/he has heard from the speaker or the sound platforms.
ACTIVE LISTENING
ANALYTICAL LISTENING. The listener is able to rephrase or restate the information heard to check one’s
listening understanding. Its features allow listeners to avoid:
miscommunication, misinformation, misinterpretation
refers to actual hearing process
RECEIVING STAGE
the listener has to check himself/herself if he or
she is able to hear clearly the sounds
and other sound points.
RECEIVING STAGE
focuses on generating meaning on what has been
heard
UNDERSTANDING STAGE
the connection on communication between the listener
and the speaker must be clearly established.
UNDERSTANDING STAGE
requires both the Listener and the speaker as they meet in
between regarding the points portrayed
in the listening process
EVALUATING STAGE
allows the listeners to provide verbal and/or
nonverbal feedback and responses based on the listening context.
RESPONDING STAGE
