English 10

Question 1

Preposition

Answer 1

A word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun, and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause, as in “the man on the platform,” “she arrived after dinner,” “what did you do it for ?”

Examples: on, of, to, for, in, beside

Question 2

Independent Clause

Answer 2

A clause that can stand alone as a sentence (i.e., it expresses a complete thought). An independent clause, like all clauses, has a subject and verb. When there are no dependent clauses in the same sentence an independent clause, the independent clause is a simple sentence. An independent clause can stand alone as a sentence and makes a complete thought.

Question 3

Dependent Clause

Answer 3

A group of words with a subject and a verb. It does not express a complete thought so it is not a sentence and can’t stand alone. These clauses include adverb clauses, adjective clauses and noun clauses. A dependent clause cannot stand alone, even though it has a subject and a verb.

Question 4

Clause

Answer 4

a unit of grammatical organization next below the sentence in rank and in traditional grammar said to consist of a subject and predicate.

Question 5

Phrase

Answer 5

A small group of words standing together as a conceptual unit, typically forming a component of a clause.

Question 6

Dependent Marker Word

Answer 6

A word — such as while, although, in order to, since, though, unless, and whenever — that is

(1) put at the beginning of an independent clause and
(2) turns the independent clause into a subordinate clause.

Example - While we were there, it began to rain.
(The word while turns the independent clause we were there into a subordinate clause.)

Question 7

Simple Sentence

Answer 7

A sentence consisting of only one clause, with a single subject and predicate.

Question 8

Predicate

Answer 8

The part of a sentence or clause containing a verb and stating something about the subject (e.g., went home in John went home, or ate in I ate pizza ).

Question 9

Compound Sentence

Answer 9

A sentence with more than one subject or predicate. Typically needs a comma and/or a conjunction.

Question 10

Conjunction

Answer 10

A word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause (e.g., and, but, if, nor, or, yet, so ).

Question 11

Complex Sentence

Answer 11

A sentence containing a subordinate clause or clauses. A complex sentence contains an independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

Examples:
Because my food was too cold, I heated it in the microwave.

Though he was very rich, he was still very unhappy.

She returned the computer after she noticed it was damaged.

Question 12

Compound-Complex Sentence

Answer 12

A sentence made from two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.

Some examples:

1. Although I like to go camping, I haven’t had the time to go lately, and I haven’t found anyone to go with.

independent clause: “I haven’t had the time to go lately”
independent clause: “I haven’t found anyone to go with”
dependent clause: “Although I like to go camping… “

2. We decided that the movie was too violent, but our children, who like to watch scary movies, thought that we were wrong.

independent clause: “We decided that the movie was too violent”
independent clause: “(but) our children thought that we were wrong”
dependent clause: who like to watch scary movies