English 1 Flashcards
Add an apostrophe in the right place to the following phrase:
a womans hat
a woman’s hat
Add an apostrophe in the right place for Mr Hastings:
Mr. Hastings pen
Mr. Hastings’ pen
Use an apostrophe to shorten the following phrase:
I am
I’m
Use an apostrophe to shorten the following phrase:
you are
you’re
Use an apostrophe to shorten the following phrase:
he is
he’s
Use an apostrophe to shorten the following phrase:
she is
she’s
Use an apostrophe to shorten the following phrase:
it is
it’s
Use an apostrophe to shorten the following phrase:
we are
we’re
Use an apostrophe to shorten the following phrase:
they are
they’re
Use an apostrophe to shorten the following phrase:
is not
isn’t
Correct the following:
She explained that thai food often requires a lot of ingredients.
She explained that Thai food often requires a lot of ingredients.
Correct the following:
Sixty percent of students enrolled at the University are male.
Sixty percent of students enrolled at the university are male.
Correct the following:
germany, the united states, britain
Germany, the United States, Britain
Correct the following:
I’d like to learn more about asian culture.
I’d like to learn more about Asian culture.
Correct the following:
american culture has spread all over the world through TV and films.
American culture has spread all over the world through TV and films.
Correct the following:
rome airport
Rome Airport
Correct the following:
students are expected to submit their assignments on time.
Students are expected to submit their assignments on time.
Do the seasons need a capital letter?
No: it is correct to use spring, summer, autumn and winter.
When something does not necessarily come from a place but is named after it, does it need a capital letter?
No: it is correct to write french windows and danish pastries.
Correct the following:
We have arranged a visit to parliament.
We have arranged a visit to Parliament.
Does the following sentence need to be corrected?
Its a beautiful picture.
Yes. The sentence should read:
It’s a beautiful picture.
Does the following sentence need to be corrected:
The cat waited for its owner.
No. An apostrophe is only needed for its when you mean it is.
Use an apostrophe to shorten the following phrase:
they are
they’re
Use an apostrophe to shorten the following phrase:
she was not ready
she wasn’t ready
Use an apostrophe to shorten the following:
I did not have that CD
I didn’t have that CD
Use an apostrophe to shorten the following phrase:
he will
he’ll
Use an apostrophe to shorten the following phrase:
was not
wasn’t
Insert an apostrophe at the correct point in this sentence, assuming we are talking about one cat and one dog:
The cat ate the dogs food.
The cat ate the dog’s food
Insert an apostrophe at the correct point in this sentence, assuming we are talking about one cat and more than one dog:
The cat ate the dogs food.
The cat ate the dogs’ food.
Add an apostrophe in the right place or places in the following sentence:
My dads new car goes very fast.
My dad’s new car goes very fast.
Which is correct:
“He ate five fewer chocolates than the other guy.”
or
“He ate five less chocolates than the other guy”
“He ate five fewer chocolates than the other guy.”
(You use ‘fewer’ when referring to objects or people you can count, and ‘less’ when referring to more abstract things that you can’t count, like time.)
Which sentence is correct:
“Julia and I went to the shops.”
or
“Julia and me went to the shops.”
“Julia and I went to the shops.”
(You have to split the sentence up in your head:
Julia went to the shops and I went to the shops. You wouldn’t say “me went to the shops!)
Which sentence is correct:
“Dad gave an apple to Julia and I.”
or
“Dad gave an apple to Julia and me.”
“Dad gave an apple to Julia and me.”
What is the difference between a common noun and a proper noun?
Common nouns are the names of things, for example, people, places or objects. A proper noun is the name of a particular person, place or thing, and always begins with a capital letter.
What sort of nouns are the following:
Amy
France
Saturday
camera
Amy, France and Saturday are proper nouns
and camera is a common noun.
What is a pronoun?
A pronoun is a word that takes the place of nouns, for example:
he
she
them
there
it
Amy took her camera to France. She took it there.
How many pronouns are there in the second sentence above?
Three:
She is a pronoun that takes the place of Amy, it takes the place of camera, and there takes the place of France.
What is an adjective?
An adjective is a word that describes a noun. For example:
The lazy father.
Do adjectives always have to go before a noun?
No. For example:
The book he read on holiday was terrible.
He read a terrible book on holiday.
Can you use more than one adjective in a sentence?
Yes. For example:
He had a mouldy, smelly, overpriced sandwich for lunch.
What is a preposition?
A preposition is a word that tells you where or when something is in relation to something else, for example:
after
before
on
under
inside
outside
How many prepositions are there in the following sentence:
After walking for miles she rested on a small hill.
Two:
after tells you when she rested
on tells you where she rested
What kind of word is an article?
An article is a word that tells you whether a noun is specific or general, for example a, an, the.
Where is the article in the following sentence:
She took a big suitcase on holiday.
A tells you that the noun suitcase is general. It’s not talking about any particular suitcase, it’s any old big suitcase.
Where is the article in the following sentence:
She took the big suitcase on holiday.
The tells you it was a particular suitcase.
Perhaps she has a big suitcase and a small one. She took the big suitcase.
What is a conjunction?
A conjunction is a word that joins two sentences or clauses, for example:
and
but
although
whenever
Where is the conjunction in the following sentence:
He went to the cinema and she went swimming.
and
Where is the conjunction in the following sentence:
Stephanie took her hudl with her but she forgot to charge the batteries.
but
Which of these words is a noun?
slowly
excitedly
chair
chair
Which word in this sentence is a proper noun?
Paris
speaker
bed
Paris
What is a clause?
A clause is used to describe a group of words that contains a verb, the subject of that verb, and often, some other words such as an object. For example:
I live in Sussex
..where I live
Jenny lived in Manchester at first
Can a sentence contain more than one clause?
Yes. For example:
Whenever you need to talk to someone, just pop in and see if I’m here.
If a sentence is made up of a single clause, what is that sentence known as?
A simple sentence. For example:
He arrived on Friday.
Does a clause always contain a verb?
Yes. Examples of such verbs are:
run
think
walk
believe
Does a sentence always have to contain a clause?
No. For example:
Certainly not.
Until tomorrow then.
Yes.
Why?
What is a phrase?
A phrase is just a group of words which often go together naturally. For example:
the other day
my friend Henry
in spite of
over the hill
Are words which refer to one thing properly described as singular or plural?
Singular
Are words which refer to more than one thing properly known as singular or plural?
Plural
What is a verb?
A verb tells us about an action or a state of being, a state of mind or a process. For example:
This basket holds quite a lot.
John was reading the essay.
I forgot it was your birthday.
What is an auxiliary verb?
Verbs which can be put together with ‘main’ verbs (ie ‘doing’ words) to form different tenses. Some examples of auxiliary verbs are:
I am thinking
She has seen the film already
I can help you
We might need to
What is a noun?
A noun is a word that labels a thing or an idea. Nouns are sometimes called ‘naming words’. Some examples are:
table
book
ugliness
time
animal
thing
If we do not want to repeat the same noun in a sentence or paragraph we can replace it with what?
A pronoun, which is a word that is used instead of a noun. For example:
Gary saw Sue so he asked her to help him.
Ross was hungry so he stopped at a burger bar.
What is a adjective?
An adjective gives more information about a noun. Adjectives help us describe or pick out which particular thing among many is being referred to. Adjectives are sometimes called ‘describing words’. For example:
a tall man
their new wide-screen TV
the black-and-white cat
What is a determiner?
A determiner is used to point more precisely to the person, thing, or idea that is being talked about. For example:
the cat
a man
my aunt
their TV
What is an adverb?
An adverb gives more information about the way that an action is carried out or when and where it takes place. For example:
She ran quickly down the path.
The children laughed hysterically.
He lifted the box carefully.
Can an adverb be used to introduce a sentence?
Yes. Many adverbs can be formed by adding -ly to the end of a word. For example:
Fortunately, the rain stayed away.
Honestly, I can’t help it.
What is a preposition?
Prepositions give information about position or movement. For example:
on the bridge
over the rooftops
in the morning
at the gates
What is a conjunction?
A conjunction joins two or more nouns or caluses to each other. Conjunctions are sometimes called ‘joining words’. For example:
I went to the shop and bought some bread. I bought some bread, but I forgot to get the milk.
Can a word be both a noun and a verb?
Yes. For example:
Jamal scored several runs.
She runs half a mile each morning.
What is the subject of a sentence?
A noun or a pronoun (phrase) that normally comes before the verb (phrase) in a sentence. For example:
The girls had been swimming.
The new teacher came in.
They had finished.
What does the subject of a sentence usually consist of?
A noun phrase or a pronoun. For example:
The girls had been swimming.
The new teacher came in.
They had finished.
Identify the verb phrases in the following sentences:
The girls had been swimming.
The new teacher came in.
They had finished.
She uses her skateboard quite a lot.
The girls had been swimming.
The new teacher came in.
They had finished.
She uses her skateboard quite a lot.
Identify the object in the following sentences:
She used her old skateboard.
Rajiv was reading a new novel.
Josh found it.
She used her old skateboard.
Rajiv was reading a new novel.
Josh found it.
Identify the adverbs in the following sentence:
Suddenly, it started to rain heavily.
Suddenly, it started to rain heavily.
What is an adverbial phrase?
A group of words that functions as an adverb. For example:
In the morning, the sky was clear.
You probably won’t notice it after a while.
What is an adverbial clause?
A group of words, including a verb, which functions as an adverb. For example:
I’ll get some biscuits for you when I’ve poured the drinks.
When I’ve poured the drinks, I’ll get some biscuits for you.
Mark played while Isabel sang.
Where in a sentence does the object normally come?
After the verb phrase
Do all verbs have an object?
No. For example:
She is writing (no object)
She is writing a book (the object is the book)
Look at the following sentences:
Rory found a pen.
Our cat doesn’t like milk.
Do these sentences contain direct or indirect objects?
Direct objects (a pen, milk)
What is an indirect object?
An indirect object names the person for or to or to whom something is done. For example:
Mike owes Tom five pounds.
Rob gave me a box of chocolates.
When a verb has an object, it is called a ___________ verb?
It is called a transitive verb. For example, the following are transitive verbs because they have the underlined objects:
Rowan bought a magazine.
I don’t like rap music.
What is an intransitive verb?
An intransitive verb does not have an object. For example:
Lynn fainted.
Patrick screamed.
Everyone was shouting.
Can some verbs be both transitive and intransitive verbs?
Yes. For example:
Ann was reading (intransitive).
Anne was reading a letter (transitive).
What is a ditransitive verb?
A ditransitive verb has both an indirect and a direct object. For example:
Amy owes Mark ten pounds.
Stephen gave me some flowers.
Katie bought her hamster a new cage.
When a verb consists of a single word, it is called what?
A simple verb. For example:
he walks
When a verb consists of an auxiliary and a main verb, it is called what?
A compound verb. For example:
he has been talking
What two categories can most verbs be divided into?
States or actions. For example:
He hates losing. (state)
Stuart drove across the open desert. (action)
How is an irregular verb different from a regular verb?
An irregular verb does not follow the rules that a regular verb does as to how it is formed. For example:
talk, talks, talking, talked (regular)
swim, swims, swimming, swam (irregular)
go, goes, going, went/ gone (irregular)
What do verb tenses allow us to do in a sentence?
Verb tenses allow us to talk about the time when the action or state takes place.
What tense are the following verbs examples of:
I walk
She sings
They come
You bring
The ‘present simple’ tense
What tense are the following verbs examples of:
I walked
She sang
They came
You brought
The ‘past simple’ tense.
If a verb has a ‘continuous aspect’, what does that mean?
The action described by the verb is or was continuous. For example:
I am still studying French.
He was living in London all that time.
James is helping out with the children this week.
Sara and Scott were looking for a new flat at the time.
If a verb is said to have a ‘perfect aspect’ what does that mean?
The action described by the verb has been completed. For example:
I walked the dog yesterday.
Sara and Scott found a flat.
Can a verb describe both an ongoing event and an event that has been completed at the same time?
Yes. For example:
I have been studying French for four years.
James has been helping us this week.
What are ‘simple’ verb tenses used to show?
Moments in time, timeless states and habitual or repetitive actions. For example:
It tastes good.
Julie keeps a diary.
Adrian went home at midnight.
What are ‘continuous’ verb tenses used to show?
Duration or continuity. For example:
It was raining hard this morning.
I’m having dinner. Can I call you back?
He was listening to the radio when he heard the news.
What does the ‘perfect’ tense of a verb show?
It shows that an action is completed but that it still has some importance in the present time. For example:
Ken has walked all the way from the station and he is tired.
What is the ‘past perfect’ form of a verb used to show?
It shows something that happened in a time before a particular time in the past. For example:
He told us that he had tried it before.
She was late because she had missed her bus.
What is a verb in the ‘perfect continuous’ tense used to show?
A perfect continuous verb shows the duration, completion and importance of a past event in the present time. For example:
I have been working in the garden all day.
My mother has been helping me.
I had been working in Italy that summer.
Are verbs of state (for example to feel, to taste) usually used in a continuous tense?
No, but if they are used that way, the tend to change their meaning. For example:
I’m just feeling to see if the bone is broken.
We were tasting some interesting New Zealand wines.
