ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT LESSON 3 Flashcards
FOUR MAJOR CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
HUMAN PROCESS INTERVENTIONS
TECHNOSTRUCTURAL INTERVENTIONS
HRM INTERVENTIONS
STRATEGIC CHANGE INTERVENTIONS
______________ are some of the earliest and most effective OD interventions related to interpersonal relations, group, and organizational dynamics.
Human process interventions
7 types of Human Process Interventions
Individual Interventions
Group Interventions
Third-party interventions
Team building
Organization confrontation meeting
Intergroup relations interventions
Large-group interventions
These interventions are targeted to the individual, often aimed at improving communication with others. An employee is coached on interpersonal behaviors that are counterproductive.
Individual Interventions
These interventions are aimed at the content, structure, or process of the group. The content is what the group is focused on. The structure is how a group is designed to act on the content. The process is the way in which the group carries out its core tasks.
Group Interventions
These are often used when there are conflicts. Not all conflicts are bad, but bad conflicts should be resolved quickly.
Third-party interventions
This is the best-known OD intervention. It refers to activities that help groups improve the way they accomplish tasks.
Team building
This aims to identify problems and improvement targets, and set priorities. It is a starting point for addressing identified problems, across your organization.
Organization confrontation meeting
These are aimed at diagnosing and understanding in-group relations. Similarly, problems are identified and priorities and improvement targets are set, before working on the identified issues.
Intergroup relations interventions
The aim is to bring a large number of organization members and other stakeholders together. Internal and external stakeholders work together collaboratively. It may address organization-wide problems, or implement changes of structure or direction.
Large-group interventions
These refers to change programs aimed at the technology and structure of the organization. They are highly relevant due to the changing business dynamics.
Technostructural interventions
Types of Technostructural Interventions
Organizational design
Total quality management (TQM)
Work designs
Job Enrichment
The organizational structure can include functional, divisional, matrix, process, customer-centric, and network structures. Significant activities in organizational design include engineering and downsizing.
Organizational Design
This is also known as continuous process improvement, lean, and six-sigma. It grew out of a manufacturing emphasis on quality control. It places customer satisfaction as central to the long-term success of an organization.
Total quality management
All work should be done in order to achieve outcomes. These outcomes vary across organizations. Work can be designed to achieve an outcome as quickly as possible. Or, emphasis may be placed on employee satisfaction. Designing work in a way that leads to optimum productivity is called _________?
Work Design
Types of HRM interventions
Performance management
Developing talent
Wellness interventions
Diversity interventions
These are organizational development techniques that focus on the way the employee is managed. Many of these are part of HRM functions.
HRM Interventions
Good performance management includes techniques such as goal setting, performance appraisal, and reward systems.
Performance Management
This includes talent management practices like coaching & mentoring, career planning, development interventions, and management and leadership development.
Developing Talent
These include stress management programs, and employee assistance programs. They address social factors and aim for a healthy work-life balance.
Wellness Interventions
Diversity is a source of innovation. This includes age, gender, race, sexual orientation, disabilities, and culture, and value orientation. These OD intervention techniques are aimed at increasing diversity.
Diversity Interventions
These organizational development techniques plays a crucial role in successfully implementing changes that require behavioral change in the organization.
Strategic change interventions
Types of strategic change interventions
Transformational change
Continuous change
Transorganizational change
This is a process that involves changing the basic character of the organization, including how it is structured and the way it operates.
Transformational change
This is an intervention that enables organizations to improve gradually, by making small incremental changes.
Continuous change
This change involves change interventions that move beyond a single organization. This includes mergers, allying, acquisitions, and strategic networking. A common type of this change is when a company buys, or merges with, a competitor.
Transorganizational change
This is the system which describes the organizational hierarchy in terms of different functions, roles, responsibilities, supervision, etc
Organization structure
Organization structure has two types
Centralized structure
Decentralized Structure
One where the decision-making power and authority are concentrated at the top level, and the lower levels follow the directives and policies of the upper management.
Centralized structure
One where mid-level and lower-level managers make most of the decisions, rather than the senior management team.
Decentralized Structure
It refers to defining, designing, and re-structuring organizational structure. The very process of organizational design is aimed at finding any type of defective or dysfunctional elements related to an organization’s system, organization structure, process, and work culture.
Organizational Design
It clarifies different aspects like authority, the responsibility of tasks and its limitations, reporting structure, a flow of information, etc.
Organizational Design
A direct chain of command from the top of the company to the bottom.
Line Organizational Structure & Design
A team structure that groups employees into different departments based on areas of expertise.
Functional Organizational Structure & Design
An approach in which authorities (e.g., managers) establish goals and directives that are then fulfilled by staff and other workers.
Line and Staff Organizational Structure & Design
A system of organization where the employees are segmented into semi-autonomous units known as divisions.
Divisional Organizations
This is the primary unit for performing certain tasks. Especially service firms, for example engineering providers, film studios, consultancies, legal firms, marketing and advertising, are rather organized around projects.
Project-Based Organizations
A company structure where teams report to multiple leaders.
Matrix Organizations
6 Types of Organizational Design
Line Organizational Design
Functional Organization Design
Line and Staff Organization Design
Divisional Organizational Design
Project-based Organizational Design
Matrix Organizational Design
