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Ondra Apparatus Tech Test > Engine Company Ops Manual > Flashcards

Engine Company Ops Manual Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four components of the fire tetrahedron?

A

Oxygen, Heat, Fuel, Chain Reaction

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2
Q

___________ is the stage of a fire at which all surfaces and objects within s space have been heated to their ignition temperature and simultaneous ignition of all surfaces and objects in the space occurs

A

Flashover

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3
Q

Flash over occurs between which two stages of fire?

A

Growth and Fully Developed

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4
Q

An explosion that occurs when additional oxygen is introduced into a smoldering fire as heated gases enter their flammable range and ignite with explosive force is call a ___________.

A

Backdraft

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5
Q

________ is observed when flames present in layers of smoke as a result of heated gases that are pushed under pressure from the fire area into uninvolved areas.

A

Rollover

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6
Q

The tendency of gases to form into layers according to temperatures is called __________?

A

Thermal Layering

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7
Q

The layering of smoke and gas clouds is called ______.

A

Stratification

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8
Q

As solid fuels are heated, combustible gases are driven from the substance. This process is known as ________.

A

Pyrolysis

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9
Q

What are the 4 stages of fire growth?

A
  1. The Incipient Stage
  2. The Growth Stage
  3. The Fully Developed Stage
  4. The Decay Stage
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10
Q

This stage begins when heat, oxygen and a fuel source combine and have a chemical reaction resulting in fire.

A

The incipient stage (aka the ignition stage)

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11
Q

This stage occurs when the fire increases in size from small flames to full fire that involves the entire room.

A

The Growth Stage

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12
Q

What is rollover a warning sign of?

A

That the fire area may be reaching the point of flashover

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13
Q

What happens in the fully developed stage of a fire?

A

The entire room and contents are involved in the fire. The fire will continue to burn until all the available fuel and oxygen in the room are consumed or the fire is extinguished.

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14
Q

When does the decay stage begin?

A

Once all available oxygen is consumed

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15
Q

What are some warning signs of a backdraft?

A

Heavy dense black smoke with no visible flame in a tightly enclosed occupancy

Black smoke pushing around closed doors or window frames

Glass stained with smoke condensation and pulsating from the pressure of the fire .

Reversal of air movement pulling smoke back into a building through a doorway

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16
Q

What are the five fire ground principles of smoke?

A
  1. Smoke is potential fuel
  2. Smoke density and color together are an indicator of the flammability
  3. Velocity and pressure are indicators of heat and flow path.
  4. Volume is an indicator of fire intensity
  5. All of the above indicators form an incident profile regarding the location, status, and extent of the fire
17
Q

Smoke color is an indicator of what two things?

A

What is burning and flammability of the smoke

18
Q

What does white or white / grey smoke typically mean?

A

Indicates moisture or early stage incipient class A fire

Too lean to contribute to fire load

19
Q

What does grey smoke typically mean?

A

Early stage incipient / free burning fire with class A and B fuel sources

Smoke possibly reaching the LEL level

20
Q

What does grey / black or brown smoke mean?

A

Fully developed fire with Class A and Class B fuel sources that is most likely ventilation limited.

Smoke is in the flammable range and subject to burn if heat is available

21
Q

What does black/ brown smoke usually mean?

A

Fully developed or decaying stage fire that is extremely ventilation limited

Smoke is typically too rich to burn

22
Q

What does smoke density tell you?

A

How much fuel is laden in the smoke.

The thicker the smoke the more potential energy.

23
Q

What can the combination of smoke density and color help determine?

A

The information can be used to get a better snapshot of what is occurring. This information can be used to predict flash over potential and decide on ventilation status.

24
Q

What does smoke velocity tell you?

A

General location of the heat source and the fire’s current flow path or air track

Moving smoke means the fire is getting air from somewhere and that the fire continues to grow

If it is not moving the fire may be lying dormant waiting for additional oxygen or is burned out.

25
Q

What does RECEO VS stand for

A 
Rescue
Exposure
Confinement
Extinguishment
Overhaul
Ventilation
Salvage
26
Q

The CAN report is used to transmit a progress report. What does CAN stand for?

A

Conditions
Actions
Needs

27
Q

NFPA suggest that the upper range of temperature tenability for humans is around _____ degrees Fahrenheit.

A

212 degrees

28
Q

What is the primary cause of deaths in fires?

A

Carbon Monoxide Exposure

29
Q

At approximately ___________ PPM of CO, the human body is rendered unconscious between 4 and 12 seconds with death following shortly after.

A

200,000 PPM

30
Q

Earth’s atmosphere contains ____ % oxygen.

Less than ____% oxygen results in death rapidly.

A

21%

10%

31
Q

What is a tactical withdraw?

A

A coordinated and specific relocation of units and their equipment operating from an area deemed untenable to a specific area deemed safe to continue operations

32
Q

At 212 degrees Fahrenheit the expansion ratio of water to steam is _______.

A

1:1,700

33
Q

What did the UL study “Impact of Ventilation on Fire Behavior in Legacy and Contemporary Residential Construction” determine about attacking from the un-burnt side and pushing fire?

A

That there were no temperature spikes in any of the rooms, especially the rooms adjacent to the fire when water was applied.

While the fog stream pushed steam along the flow path, no fire was pushed.

It appeared that in most cases fire was slowed down by water application which had no negative impacts to occupant survivability

34
Q

A typical residential house fire will require between ____ and ____ GPM.

A

150-175 GPM

35
Q

What mnemonic is used for 2.5” line selection and what does it stand for?

A

ADULTS

Advanced fire conditions
Defensive Operations
Unknown fire location
Large open area
Tons of water
Standpipes
36
Q

What is an alley stretch?

A

When the back up firefighters grabs a coupling off the shoulder load of the nozzle man as he is by the door and walks away to flake out the hose

37
Q

What is the nozzle reaction for a smooth bore nozzle?

A

NR = 1.57 * D^2 * NP

38
Q

What is the nozzle reaction for a fog nozzle?

A

NR = 0.0505 * Rated flow * sqrt of NP

Ondra Apparatus Tech Test (11 decks)

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