Engine Flashcards
ENGINE
A
ENGINE
General Electric CF34-8E5
High-bypass
Dual rotor turbofan, fully integrated with a nacelle and thrust reverse.
1 stage fan driven from 4 stage LP turbine (1/4) represents N1
10 stage axial flow compressor with variable geometry driven from 2 stage HP
turbine (10/2) represents N2
engine oil qty max and usable?
Engine Oil
max: 10.5 qts
usable: 7.2 qts
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2
Q
What types of engines are on the aircraft?
How much thrust do the CF-34-8E5 engines produce?
A
What types of engines are on the aircraft?
Two General Electric CF-34-8E5
Hi-bypass, 2-spool, axial-flow, turbo-fan
How much thrust do the CF-34-8E5 engines produce?
13,000-14,200 lbs. (ISA)
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3
Q
Describe N1 spool
Describe N2 spool
How many igniters per engine?
A
Describe N1 spool
Single-stage fan
4-stage LP turbine
Describe N2 spool
10-stage compressor (gas generator)
2-stage HP turbine
How many igniters per engine?
2 per engine
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4
Q
How many igniters activate for engine start?
A
How many igniters activate for engine start?
Ground 1 igniter ( switch in AUTO )
Flight 2 igniters ( switch in AUTO )
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5
Q
What happens when the ignition switch is selected to OVRD?
Can the igniters be turned off during flight?
A
What happens when the ignition switch is selected to OVRD?
Activates both igniters on the ground or in flight
Can the igniters be turned off during flight?
The switch may be moved to the OFF position but the FADEC disregards the command
The OFF position is used for dry motoring on the ground only
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6
Q
What controls the engine?
Engine FADEC Electrical Power?
Is only one FADEC channel used every flight?
A
What controls the engine?
A two-channel FADEC
One channel is active and the other channel remains in standby as a backup
Engine FADEC Electrical Power
DC ESS Bus powered below 50% N2
Above approximately 50%N2 the FADEC is powered by thePermanent Magnet Alternator (PMA).
Is only one FADEC channel used every flight?
No. They automatically alternate with each engine start
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7
Q
What does the cyan line on the N1 gauge represent during approach? When does it appear?
A
What does the cyan line on the N1 gauge represent during approach? When does it appear?
The minimum N1 for bleed requirements in icing conditions
Configured for landing < 1200’ RA (when anti-ice is ‘ON’)
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8
Q
What sources are available for engine starting?
A
What sources are available for engine starting?
APU
Ground source (huffer cart or air bottle)
Opposite engine (crossbleed start)
Windmill start
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9
Q
Does the FADEC provide engine start protection?
Only on the ground for a
A
Does the FADEC provide engine start protection?
Only on the ground for a
Hot start,
Hung start
No light-off
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10
Q
Engine Starter Limits attempts
A
1 90 sec ON, 10 SEC OFF
2 90 sec ON, 10 SEC OFF
3 90 sec ON, 5 MIN OFF
4 90 sec ON, 5 MIN OFF
5 90 sec ON, 5 MIN OFF
11
Q
Dry Motoring Duty Cycle Limits
A
1 90 sec ON / 5 min OFF
2 30 sec ON / 5 min OFF (1)
3 “
4 “
5 “
12
Q
APU Starter Duty Cycle
A
1 1 min ON / 1 min OFF
2 1 min ON / 1 min OFF
13
Q
What will the FADEC automatically do in case of a hot start on the ground?
A
What will the FADEC automatically do in case of a start on the ground?
FADEC will not allow FF if ITT >120°C
FADEC will automatically dry motor engine and introduce fuel when ITT <120°C
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14
Q
Describe the engine start sequence * Start switch momentarily to START:
A
Describe the engine start sequence * Start switch momentarily to START:
7% N2Ignition
20% N2Fuel flow
20% N2+ 5 sec Light-off
50% N2 Ignition off
50% N2 Engine stabilizes: Starter cutout
N1
27%
ITT
460°C
N2
62%
FF
550 lbs/hour
Oil Pressure
>25 psi
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15
Q
What does WML mean on the engine indications?
A
What does WML mean on the engine indications?
Windmilling engine
The FADEC has detected a flame-out and is attempting an auto re-light, or
An assisted start has been commanded
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16
Q
What provides underspeed and overspeed protection? *
A
What provides underspeed and overspeed protection? *
The FADEC via the FMU
Approximately 52% N2 and 102% N2 respectively
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17
Q
What happens after 3 overspeed detection events?
A
What happens after 3 overspeed detection events?
FADEC will not relight the engine
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18
Q
What heats the fuel and cools the engine oil?
A
What heats the fuel and cools the engine oil?
Fuel/Oil heat exchanger
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19
Q
What is ATTCS? What controls it?
A
What is ATTCS? What controls it?
Automatic Take-off Thrust Control System
Provides max thrust reserve (RSV) according to current rate previously selected via the MCDU
FADEC controlled
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20
Q
What will trigger an ATTCS event?
A
What will trigger an ATTCS event?
N1 difference >15% between engines
Engine failure during TOGA
Windshear detected
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21
Q
When is thrust reverse available?
A
When is thrust reverse available?
Weight-on-wheels (ground use only)
Upon Landing, if thrust reversers have been used, reverser should be set to MIN REV at 60 KIAS, and be closed by 30 KIAS.
A Go-Around Maneuver should not be attempted after Thrust Reversers have been deployed
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22
Q
What happens if a thrust reverser inadvertently deploys?
A
What happens if a thrust reverser inadvertently deploys?
FADEC limits respective engine thrust to IDLE
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23
Q
What engine thrust rating(s) may only be used for 10 minutes?
A
What engine thrust rating(s) may only be used for 10 minutes?
TO-1
TO-1 RSV (TL beyond TOGA)
GA (two-engine go-around)
GA-RSV (one-engine go-around or windshear)
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24
Q
What is FLEX?
A
What is FLEX?
Reduced takeoff thrust based on assumed temperature (telling the FADEC that it is warmer than it actually is so it will reduce the thrust)
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25
Q
Can the FLEX thrust be reduced lower than CLB thrust?
A
Can the FLEX thrust be reduced lower than CLB thrust?
No
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26
Q
START/STOP SELECTOR KNOB STOP:
A
START/STOP SELECTOR KNOB STOP:
STOP: commands the FADEC to shut down the engine,
provided the associated thrust lever is in the IDLE
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27
Q
FUEL/OIL HEAT EXCHANGER
A
FUEL/OIL HEAT EXCHANGER
The fuel-cooled oil cooler (FCOC) maintains the oil temperature
within an acceptable range and heats the engine fuel to prevent
freezing.
Each engine has an independent lubrication system.
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28
Q
STARTING SYSTEM
A
STARTING SYSTEM
(1) The engine starting system consists of:
(a) Air Turbine Starter (ATS).
(b) Starter control valve (SCV).
(2) The pneumatic system provides bleed air to the ATS to rotate
the rotor speed and start the engine.
(3) The FADEC opens the Starter Control Valve (SCV), providing
bleed air from the APU, a ground source, or the opposite engine.
The Air Turbine Starter (ATS) is a turbine that accelerates the
engine to a self-sustaining
rpm level.
(4) The FADEC closes the SCV when the starter cutout speed is
reached.
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29
Q
Ignition System
A
Ignition System
(1) The ignition system provides an electrical spark for fuel
combustion during ground/in-flight start attempts and for
automatic re-light.
(2) The FADEC energizes one igniter for on-ground engine starts
and both igniters for in-flight engine starts.
(3) When the ignition selector knob is placed on the OVRD
position, both igniters on each engine are energized. Igniters 1B that is correct
and 2B are connected to SPDA 2. In case of SPDA 2 failure, setting the selector knob to
OVRD energizes at least the igniter A.
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30
Q
ATTCS Activation Logic
Controlled by the FADEC
Automatically provides max engine thrust RSV whenever it is armed, TL in TOGA, and one of following
conditions occurs:
A
ATTCS Activation Logic
Controlled by the FADEC
Automatically provides max engine thrust RSV whenever it is armed, TL in TOGA, and one of following
conditions occurs:
(1) The RSV mode is manually activated by moving the thrust
levers to MAX position whenever the ATTCS is engaged.
(2) Whenever the ATTCS is activated, the green ATTCS
indication on the EICAS disappears and the cyan thrust mode will
be displayed with an additional “RSV” indication.
(3) Difference between both engine N1 values is greater than15%;
(4) One engine failure during takeoff;
(5) One engine failure during go-around;
(6) Windshear detection.
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31
Q
FLEXIBLE TAKEOFF
A
FLEXIBLE TAKEOFF
A. Flexible takeoff is a reduced takeoff thrust based on assumed
temperature.
B. All takeoff modes are eligible for a flexible takeoff.
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32
Q
Overspeed Protection
A
Overspeed Protection
(1) Whenever N2 reaches 102% the FADEC automatically
commands an engine shutdown.
(2) In the event of 3 consecutive overspeed detection events within 30 s the FADEC will not relight the engine.
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33
Q
ITT Over Limit Protection
During engine start if the ITT reaches its limit the FADEC
automatically shuts off the fuel flow aborting the start sequence.
In this case the start control valve is not automatically closed.
Pilot intervention is needed to close the SCV by selecting the
START/STOP switch to STOP.
A
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34
Q
Engine Start High ITT Prevention/OVER TEMPERATURE
DRY MOTORING
A
Engine Start High ITT Prevention/OVER TEMPERATURE
(a) To improve the ITT control on engine ground starts the
FADEC will not allow fuel flow if ITT is above 120.
(b) In this case when the pilot sets the START/STOP selector to
START the start control valve is commanded open but the fuel
flow only starts when the ITT drops below 120. Automatic dry motoring occurs.
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35
Q
Fuel control system consists of
A
Fuel control system consists of
FADEC
FUEL METERING UNIT (FMU)
PERMANENT MAGNET ALTERNATOR (PMA)
ENGINE SENSORS
VARIABLE GEOMETRY ACTUATORS (VG)
OPERABILITY BLEED VALVE (OBV)
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36
Q
Fuel distribution system consists of
A
Fuel distribution system consists of
Fuel pump
Fuel filter
Fuel manifold
18 fuel injectors
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37
Q
The FADEC will prevent fuel flow during ground start until ITT is at or
Below_____?
120*C
A
Dry motor start until
Below 120C
