eng 211 chapter 8

Question 1

innate

Answer 1

means to be born with it or natural

Question 2

innateness hypothesis

Answer 2

this therory suggest that children are born knowing that language has patterns and rules.

Question 3

imitation theory

Answer 3

suggests that children just pick up what they hear and mimic or imitate it.

Question 4

reinforcement theory

Answer 4

this theory suggests that children learn language because they are praised when its done correctly by the adult,[ much like a puppy sits with a treat it catfishes on the the word or signal just gets an automatic response,]

Question 5

active construction of a grammar theory

Answer 5

this theory the most popular suggests that the children not only are born with some knowledge of how language is supposed to sound but also gather info from what they hear growing up and modify or create their own.

Question 6

connectionist theory

Answer 6

this theory suggest that neuron connections in the brain help mold what the child is hearing around them and construct language.

Question 7

social interaction theory

Answer 7

this theory suggests that the children learn by hearing older children and parents and develop their language according to how much or little social interaction is given

Question 8

linguistic universals

Answer 8

basic features shared by all languages…. like nouns

Question 9

universal grammar

Answer 9

a theory that states that all natural languages share a common knowledge of characteristics in language.

Question 10

critical period

Answer 10

age span from birth till about puberty, during which child must have exposure to language and must develope it in the brain to gain the native speaker competence in language.

Question 11

neglected children

Answer 11

a child thats neglected by the caregiver and not given proper exposure needed to develop language early on

Question 12

homesign

Answer 12

signs used by deaf kids and their family’s when sign language isn’t available to learn.NOT A LANGUAGE…signs gestures

Question 13

rules

Answer 13

formal statement about patterns in language

Question 14

child directed speech

Answer 14

parents baby talk to kids….

Question 15

identifying sound

Answer 15

infants need to identify the sounds to be able to produce spoken language.

Question 16

high amplitude sucking

Answer 16

study with pacifier that makes noise when baby sucks,and changes noise when baby gets bored with same sound it helps identify if baby can identify the different sounds or not.

Question 17

conditions head turn procedure

Answer 17

technique used with infants, two part. conditioning and testing

Question 18

articulatory gestures

Answer 18

a movement of s speech organ in the production of speech

Question 19

babble

Answer 19

a phase in language acquisition during which the child produces meaningless consonants and vowels

Question 20

canonical babble

Answer 20

repetitive babble non conscious …ex- ti

Question 21

variegated babbling

Answer 21

infant strings together different syllables …ex-mamamama

Question 22

phonological acquisition

Answer 22

contrast between constants and vowels

Question 23

telegraphic stage

Answer 23

when a child uses utterances composed mostly of content words speech of young children

Question 24

plurals

Answer 24

the first set function morphemes children learn ex-men instead of man…

Question 25

negatives

Answer 25

negative sentences children learn to put together ex- no,not cant wont….

Question 26

interrogatives

Answer 26

children use tone to suggest question rather than actually asking a formatted question in a sentence ex-mommy juice or ayden up….

Question 27

complexive concepts

Answer 27

the stage when children try to give things names ex-doggies and kittys or soft shoes….

Question 28

overextensions

Answer 28

stage in which children over extend a word or information on a word/object more in detail ex- tick toc-clock

Question 29

underextensions

Answer 29

is the application of a word to most simple set of objects than is appropriate for mature speech.

Question 30

relational term

Answer 30

a type of relationship between adjective and noun where the adjective is determined relative to the noun.

Question 31

deictic expressions

Answer 31

a word or expression that takes its meaning relative to the time,place, and speaker of the utterance.

Question 32

attention getters

Answer 32

word or phrase used to initiate an address to children

Question 33

attention holders

Answer 33

a tactic used to maintain children’s attention for long periods of time

Question 34

conversational turns

Answer 34

the contribution one speaker makes from the time they take the floor till the time another speaker has a turn.

Question 35

making corrections

Answer 35

adults will correct children’s speech very seldom

Question 36

simultaneous bilingualism

Answer 36

learning second language since birth..more than one language at a time.

Question 37

sequential biligualism

Answer 37

knowing one language then learning another at a young age.

Question 38

second language acquisition

Answer 38

learning another language later in life and not as a child.

Question 39

fossilization

Answer 39

when non native forms as part of either the morpho-syntax or pronunciation, can become fixed and not changed even after years of instruction.

Question 40

code switching

Answer 40

jumping back and fourth from one language to another in the same sentence ex- este no quierre soup por que he dont like it dice. :)