eng 211 chapter 3

Question 1

phonotactic constraints

Answer 1

restrictions on possible combinations of sounds.

Question 2

phonology

Answer 2

the study of distribution of sounds in language and the interactions between those different sounds.

Question 3

Deletion

Answer 3

may be deleted in unstressed syllables

Question 4

Implicational law

Answer 4

observation about language universal that takes the form of an implication.

Question 5

Schwa insertion

Answer 5

(rule) insert (e) between two sibilants

Question 6

Voicing assimilation

Answer 6

takes on the voicing specification of the preceding sound

Question 7

Flapping

Answer 7

an alveolar (oral) stop is realized as, when it comes after a stressed vowel and before an unstressed vowel.

Question 8

Metathesis

Answer 8

change the order of the sounds

Question 9

CV metathesis

Answer 9

when three consecutive consonants occur, the 1st consonant trades places with the preceding vowel

Question 10

Voiceless stop insertion

Answer 10

between a nasal consonant and a voiceless fricative a voiceless stop with the place of articulation as the nasal is inserted

Question 11

Dissimilations

Answer 11

causes two close or adjacent sounds to become less similar. with respect to the same feature.

Question 12

vowel haromny

Answer 12

common type of long distance assimilation between vowels

Question 13

palatalization

Answer 13

an assimilation process of a special type of assimilation which a consonant becomes like a neighboring palatal

Question 14

sonorants

Answer 14

are produced by relatively open passage for the airflow

Question 15

obstruents

Answer 15

are made with obstruction of the airflow (stop fricatives)

Question 16

underlying

Answer 16

the phonemic form of a word or morpheme before phonological rules are applied

Question 17

phonological rules

Answer 17

the description of a relationship between a phoneme and its allophones and the conditioning environment in which the allophones appears

Question 18

conditioning enviornment

Answer 18

neighboring sound of a given sound that causes it to undergo a change

Question 19

overlapping distribution

Answer 19

the occurrence of sounds in the same phonetic enviornments

Question 20

complementary distribution

Answer 20

the occurrence of sounds in a language such that they are formed in the same phonetic environment

Allophones of the same phoneme do not overlap.

Question 21

Alternation

Answer 21

a difference between two (or more) phonetic forms that you might otherwise expect to be related.

Question 22

minimal pair

Answer 22

a pair of words whose pronunciation differ by exactly one sound and that have different meanings.

Question 23

contrastive distribution

Answer 23

is when two sounds occur in the same phonetic environment and using one rather than the other changes the meaning of the word.

Question 24

Allophone

Answer 24

each member of a particular phoneme

Question 25

phoneme

Answer 25

a class of speech sounds that seem to be variants of the same sound

Question 26

noncontrastive

Answer 26

interchanging two sounds does not change the meaning.