Eng 211 chapter 6

Question 1

Semantics

Answer 1

sub-field of linguistics, how expressions convey meanings. meaning in language.

Question 2

compositional

Answer 2

is phrasal meanings and how phrasal meanings are positional semantics is concerned with phrasal meanings ans how they’re assembled.

Question 3

sense

Answer 3

mental representation of a sentences meaning.

Question 4

reference

Answer 4

a component of linguistic meaning that relates the sense of some expression to entities in the outside world

Question 5

referents

Answer 5

the particular entities in the world to which some expression refers are called

Question 6

mental image

Answer 6

a conception of a words sense as a picture in the mind of the language user that represents its meaning.

Question 7

prototype

Answer 7

the first typical or preliminary model of something.

Question 8

about

Answer 8

on the subject of or concering

Question 9

usage based definition

Answer 9

a characterization of a words sense based on the way that the word is used by the speakers of the language.

Question 10

hyponymy

Answer 10

the phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or nonpharasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form.

Question 11

synonymy

Answer 11

A meaning relationship between words where their reference is exactly the same.

Question 12

antonymy

Answer 12

a meaning relationship between words where their meanings are in some sense opposite

Question 13

gradable

Answer 13

semantic relation, “opposite” must be one or the other or neither…

Question 14

proposition

Answer 14

the claim expressed by a sentence.

Question 15

truth value

Answer 15

either truth or false the value of s sentence

Question 16

entaiment

Answer 16

a relationship between propositions. not concerned with actual truth values of propositions but evaluating truth conditions

Question 17

incompatible

Answer 17

impossible for both to be true.

Question 18

mutual entailment

Answer 18

relationship when two propositions entail on another

Question 19

principle of compositionality

Answer 19

meaning of a sentence or any other multi word expression, function of meanings it contains.

Question 20

idioms

Answer 20

a multi-word lexical expression whose meaning is not compositional

Question 21

hypernym

Answer 21

a word with a broad meaning that more specific words fall under. like what poodle is to dog

Question 22

sister terms

Answer 22

when reference is intuitively on the same level in the hierarchy.

Question 23

converses

Answer 23

two opposing points of view.. ex: lend/borrow under/over cold/hot

Question 24

pure intersection

Answer 24

is an adjectival combo. the relationship between the reference of an adjective and a noun it modifies such that each picks out a particular group of things, and the result is a phrase with all the things that are in both reference sets.

Question 25

intersective adjectives

Answer 25

two words in a phrase that like healthy cow, both can be identified independently.

Question 26

subsective adjectives

Answer 26

adjectives whose reference is included in the set of things that the noun they modify refers to.

Question 27

relative intersection

Answer 27

when reference of the adjective has to be determined relative to the reference of the noun.

Question 28

non-intersection

Answer 28

an adjective whose reference is a subject to the set that the noun it modifies refers to, but that does not in and of itself refers to any particular set of things.

Question 29

anti-intersection adjectives

Answer 29

an adjective whose referents are not in the set referred to by the noun that it modifies.

Question 30

lexical semantics

Answer 30

a sub-field of semantics that studies meanings of lexical expressions