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NEBOSH Environmental Diploma Unit ED1 2023 > Energy Use > Flashcards

Energy Use Flashcards

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1
Q

what are nonrenewable energy sources

A
  • fossil fuels, such as coal/oil/natural gas
  • nuclear (CO2 from uranium mining and power plant construction)
  • hydraulic fracturing (fracking)
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2
Q

what are the advantages of Fossil Fuels

A
  • straightforward combustion process
  • relatively inexpensive
  • easily transported
  • large amounts of electricity can be generated in one place quite cheaply
  • gas powered power stations are relatively efficient
  • power stations can be built almost anywhere
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3
Q

what are the disadvantages of Fossil Fuels?

A
  • major contributor to climate change
  • cause acid rain
  • not sustainable in the long term
  • prices are subject to fluctuation depending on global politics
  • extracting raw materials can be dangerous and damaging to the environment
  • emissions may contribute to poor air quality locally
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4
Q

what are the advantages of Nuclear?

A
  • relatively small amounts of fuel products produce a lot of power
  • output is reliable and not weather dependant
  • very low emissions of CO2 and GHG
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5
Q

what are the disadvantages of Nuclear?

A
  • generates significant volumes of potentially dangerous radioactive waste
  • inflexible in terms of turning on and off ink response to demand fluctuations
  • high profile accidents have created public and political opposition
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6
Q

what are the adverse environmental impacts of combusting fossil fuel?

A
  • acid rain
  • smog
  • dwindling resources
  • health and welfare
  • climate change
  • thermal pollution
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7
Q

what are some examples of renewable energy sources?

A
  • biomass
  • hydropower
  • solar energy
  • wave
  • wind
  • geothermal
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8
Q

what are the advantages of solar power?

A
  • can be installed/used in remote areas
  • can be installed close to where power is needed
  • no emissions during use
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9
Q

what are the disadvantages of solar power?

A
  • unable to control how much or when produced
  • no power generation at night
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10
Q

what are the advantages of wind power?

A
  • no emissions during use
  • can be installed in remote areas
  • free form of motive power
  • can be small scale operation as required locally
  • plant can be fabricated off site
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11
Q

what are the disadvantages of wind power?

A
  • unable to control how much or when produced
  • only generates power when windy
  • can be damaged by strong winds (over 25m/sec)
  • noise generated by the turbines
  • construction and maintenance costs can be significant
  • have to be large to provide sufficient energy for large scale demand
  • remote locations means long supply cables with subsequent energy transmission loss
  • planning and environmental objections to turbines
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12
Q

what are the advantages of hydroelectric?

A
  • dams and reservoirs can provide additional recreation facilities
  • long useful life of plant
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13
Q

what are the disadvantages of hydroelectric?

A
  • construction costs and resource use
  • loss of habitat during/after construction
  • reservoirs can generate methane from anaerobic decomposition (in tropical regions)
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14
Q

what are the advantages of wave and tidal power

A
  • no emissions after construction
  • no waste products
  • limited running costs
  • predictable energy generation
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15
Q

what are the disadvantages of wave and tidal power?

A
  • unable to control how much is generated
  • only produce power during wave or tidal motion
  • difficulties of enduring equipment remains anchored where installed
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16
Q

what re the advantages of Geothermal?

A
  • no emissions to air after construction
  • an be installed in remote locations
  • reliable fuel source
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17
Q

what are the disadvantages of Geothermal?

A
  • often relatively large amounts of land required
18
Q

what are the advantages of Biomass?

A
  • biomass crops can be grown widely in many locations
19
Q

what are the disadvantages of Biomass?

A
  • uses land that could be used for food growth
  • indirect pollution from use of high inputs of fertilisers
20
Q

what bare the benefits of saving energy?

A
  • reduced energy costs (increasing profits or releasing resources for other activities
  • improved environmental performance due to reduced CO2 emissions
  • improved competitiveness of products or services
  • enhanced public image with customers or other stakeholders
  • reduced exposure to Government drivers such as carbon taxes
21
Q

what were items were labelled to provide a credible and consist approach due to EU Regulaions 2017/1369

A
  • refrigerators
  • washing machines
  • dishwasher
  • lamps
  • A/C
  • etc
22
Q

define the initiative Energy Star

A

indicates that the energy consumption of an appliance is under an agreed level whilst the appliance is in standby mode

23
Q

what are the requirements of EU Directive 1999/94/EC or in the UK The Passenger Car (Fuel Consumption and CO2 eEmissions Information ) Regulation 2001?

A
  • new cars carry a standard label that shows fuel economy and CO2 emissions
  • a poster or similar display is exhibited at the point of sale showing prominently the official fuel consumption and CO2 emissions data of all models of new cars offered for sale
  • all promotional literature must contain official fuel consumption and CO2 emission data
24
Q

What is a Sankey Diagram?

A
  • provides a graphical summary of the energy transfer taking place within a system - the greater amount of en=rgy then the thicker the line or the arrow
  • is essentially a form of mass balance
25
Q

what are the design elements to reduce energy consumption in buildings?

A
  • natural ventilation
  • passive solar heating
  • windows facing the midday sun in winter and being shaded in the summer
  • reduce windows on other siodes
  • using suitable insulation to reduce seasonal excessive heat loss and gain
  • using thermal mass (the ability of the building to soak up heat before it reaches the interior during the day and releases it at night)
26
Q

what are the measures used to improve the energy efficiency products - this may form part of a clean design process

A
  • a reduction in the materials/energy/intensity of goods or services
  • improved recyclability
  • maximum use of renewable resources during construction of service
  • greater durability of products
  • increased service intensity of goods and services

the assessment of energy efficiency of products is sometimes required by law

27
Q

what are some of the control methods for reducing emissions of CO2 and other GHG

A
  • insulation to prevent heat loss
  • choice of equipment - type of fuel used/efficiency of the equipment
  • maintenance to ensure it remains efficient
  • adequate control systems so equipment is only active when required and only using the amount of power required
  • providing suitable information, instruction, training and supervision to those who will operate the equipment
28
Q

what are the barriers to good energy management?~

A
  • insufficient top-level support
  • funding
  • inadequate resources
  • lock of co-ordination across the organisation
  • lack of targeting
29
Q

what are the five steps of a successful energy management strategy?

A
  1. management commitment
  2. understand the issues
  3. plan and organise
  4. implementation
  5. control and monitor energy management and performance
30
Q

insulation benefits?

A
  • effective insulation is a medium cost measure that can usually be implemented relatively easily
  • common insulation techniques are loft or roof=space insulation and cavity wall insulation
31
Q

what are some common causes of wasted energy in regards to lighting systems?

A
  • lights being left on unnecessarily
  • lighting of unoccupied buildings or rooms
  • using lights when daylight provides sufficient light levels

significant savings can be made using low energy lighting

32
Q

What are good maintenance and control systems controls?

A
  • properly maintained system
  • effective planned preventative maintenance system (helps avoid expensive and inconvenient breakdowns)
  • the three main types of controls for a heating system
    > simple switches
    > complex time switches
    > continuous controllers
33
Q

what is BEM?

A

Building Energy Management - can significantly reduce the energy used to heat and cool a building

34
Q

what are the two main categories of lighting controls

A
  • manual
  • automatic
35
Q

what are the four energy efficiency initiatives?

A
  • information - verbal or written format
  • instructions - may be verbal or written, but must be clear and unambiguous about what is required
  • training - should be clear aims and objections of what will be achieved and a means of checking that those objectives have been achieved and that learning has taken place
  • supervision - where a more qualified or senior person actually observes the work that has been done and ensures it is to the correct standard
36
Q

what is the aim of an energy audit?

A

to understand where and how energy savings can be made

37
Q

what are the key objectives of an energy audit?

A
  • quantification of energy consumption for the audit scope (could be site, area or equipment)
  • identification of opportunities to reduce energy consumption
  • quantification of savings in terms of energy and cost
38
Q

what are the stages of an energy audit?

A
  • baseline study (including quantity and quality elements)
  • analyse findings (develop a lost of key energy uses)
  • identify opportunities (determine measures to reduce energy - must be technically feasible)
  • cost benefit analysis (low cost/no cost measures, larger capital investment)
  • reporting
39
Q

how can energy monitoring be of benefit?

A
  • understand the reasons for excessive energy use
  • detect times when energy use is higher or lower than expected
  • provide a visualisation of trends in consumption
  • assist in foresting future energy usage and costs when planning business changes
  • diagnose specific parts of the organisation which are wasting energy
  • quantitatively understand the impact of improvements implemented to reduce energy
40
Q

what are the key benefits of monitoring and auditing energy?

A
  • reduced costs
  • reduced environmental impact
  • increased comfort
  • improved competitiveness
  • increased operational life of equipment
  • identification of unaccounted consumption
  • increased productivity
  • fulfilment of compliance obligations
41
Q

what are the key limitations of monitoring and auditing energy?

A
  • cost of undertaking an audit
  • audit and monitoring only highlight what needs to be done to reduce energy. Actions need to be implemented
  • time of staff
  • perception (burden or assist in reducing costs?)

NEBOSH Environmental Diploma Unit ED1 2023 (12 decks)

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