Energy Transfer + Food Chains

Question 1

Population definition

Answer 1

All individuals of a particular species within a defined area

Question 2

Community definition

Answer 2

A group of different populations living in the same area

Question 3

Habitat definition

Answer 3

The physical, chemical and biological environment in which an organism lives

Question 4

Ecosystem definition

Answer 4

A community of living things and the environment in which they live

Question 5

How can quadrant sampling be used (3)

Answer 5

Calculate the total population of a species
Calculate the percentage cover of a species
Calculate the percentage frequency of a species

Question 6

How do you calculate the total population of a species

Answer 6

Using quadrat sampling
Count the number of individuals in a quadrat
Can be used for large organisms

Question 7

How do you calculate the percentage cover of a species

Answer 7

Quadrat is divided into 100 smaller squares and count how many squares have at least 50% cover of the species
Can be used for moss

Question 8

How do you calculate the percentage frequency of a species

Answer 8

Quadrat is divided into 100 smaller squares and count the number of squares the species is in
Can be used for daisies

Question 9

What are producers

Answer 9

These are plants which photosynthesise. They supply the energy for the ecosystem

Question 10

What do food chains show

Answer 10

The relationships between species in a habitat

Question 11

What are consumers

Answer 11

These are animals that eat the plants or other animals

Question 12

What are decomposes

Answer 12

These are bacteria or fungi which decay dead material in order to recycle nutrients

Question 13

What is determines the physical environment

Answer 13

This includes non-biological components such as water, soil, temperatures, sunlight

Question 14

Where are decomposes mostly found

Answer 14

In the soil

Question 15

What do all living things need

Answer 15

Energy

Question 16

Where do living things originally get their energy from

Answer 16

The sun

Question 17

What can producers do

Answer 17

Turn the energy from the sunlight into food

Question 18

What is passed along a food chain

Answer 18

Energy

Question 19

What are each stages of the food chain called

Answer 19

A tropic level

Question 20

What are the names of the different the tropic levels

Answer 20

Producer
Primary consumer
Secondary consumer
Tertiary consumer/ top predator

Question 21

What is a herbivore

Answer 21

An animal that eats plants (primary consumers)

Question 22

What is a carnivore

Answer 22

An animal that eats other animals (second and tertiary consumers)

Question 23

What are food webs

Answer 23

When food chains overlap each other in an ecosystem is called a food web

Question 24

What can ecological pyramids show that that food webs/chains can’t

Answer 24

Can show the number of organisms, biomass and amount of energy transfer

Question 25

What are the three types of pyramid

Answer 25

Pyramid of numbers
Pyramid of biomass
Pyramid of energy transfer

Question 26

In pyramids of numbers what do the size of each block mean and how are the blocks of each pyramid ordered

Answer 26

The number of organisms

Producer always are at the base and each trophic level in succession above it

Question 27

What is biomass

Answer 27

The total amount of living material in organisms

Question 28

How do we represent the energy flow of a food chain

Answer 28

Using a pyramid of energy transfer

Question 29

What happens to the energy that does not get passed on to the next trophic level (2)

Answer 29

Lost from movement
Respiration (heat)
Some materials are egested (not absorbed)

Question 30

How much energy is lost at each trophic level? So what does this mean for the number of trophic levels

Answer 30

90%

Limits the number of trophic levels in a food chain