Cells (structure, transport) Flashcards
What does an animal cell contain (4)
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
What does a plant cell contain (7)
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Cellulose cell wall
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Nucleus (3)
Largest organelle
Controls activities of the cell
Contains chromosomes which carry genes
Cell membrane (2)
Boundary between outside the cell and cytoplasm
Some chemicals can pass through, cell can control what goes in and out (selectively permeable)
Cytoplasm (2)
Contains the organelles
Chemical reactions take place here called metabolic reaction
Mitochondria (3)
Carry out some of the reactions of respiration
Releases energy for the cell
Muscle cells which are high in demand for energy are rich in mitochondria
Cell wall (3)
Made of non-living material called cellulose
Keeps the shape of cell
Freely permeable
Chloroplasts (2)
Contains chlorophyll
Absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
Vacuole (3)
Filled with cell sap
Store of dissolved sugars, mineral ions, other solutes
Helps keep the shape of the cell
Cells
The basic structural and functional unit from which all biological organisms are made
Tissue
A group of cells of specific structure and function found in multicellular organisms
Organ
A group of tissues that perform a common function
Three types of organs in plants
Leaves
Stems
Roots
Function of muscular tissue
Contracts to cause movement
Function of glandular tissue
Releases hormones or enzymes
Examples of single celled organisms (3)
Amoeba
Yeast
Euglena
What do a group of systems complete
A single organism
Diffusion
The movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration until the particles are evenly spread
Why do particles move
They have kinetic energy
Why is diffusion passive
No energy is used up
What is it called when the particles are evenly spread
Equilibrium
Factors affecting diffusion (4)
Surface area
Temperature
Diffusion pathway distance
Diffusion gradient
Osmosis definition
The movement of water molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration through a partially permeable membrane
Two adaptations of the human gut to aid diffusion
Highly folded increases surface area e.g. Villi
Cell membranes are highly folded e.g. Micro villi
What do osmosis, diffusion and active transport all apply to
All cells
Active transport definition
Movement of ions or molecules against the diffusion gradient. Cells have to use energy from respiration to move ions or molecules through a cell membrane into the cytoplasm
Osmosis definition
The movement of water molecules down its concentration gradient through a partially permeable membrane
Two adaptations of the human gut to aid diffusion
Highly folded increases surface area e.g. Villi
Cell membranes are highly folded e.g. Micro villi
What do osmosis, diffusion and active transport all apply to
All cells
Active transport definition
Movement of ions or molecules against the diffusion gradient. Cells have to use energy from respiration to move ions or molecules through a cell membrane into the cytoplasm
Why do molecules move
They have kinetic energy
What is the overall movement of molecules called
Net movement
