Cells (structure, transport)

Question 1

What does an animal cell contain (4)

Answer 1

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria

Question 2

What does a plant cell contain (7)

Answer 2

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria

Cellulose cell wall
Vacuole
Chloroplasts

Question 3

Nucleus (3)

Answer 3

Largest organelle
Controls activities of the cell
Contains chromosomes which carry genes

Question 4

Cell membrane (2)

Answer 4

Boundary between outside the cell and cytoplasm

Some chemicals can pass through, cell can control what goes in and out (selectively permeable)

Question 5

Cytoplasm (2)

Answer 5

Contains the organelles

Chemical reactions take place here called metabolic reaction

Question 6

Mitochondria (3)

Answer 6

Carry out some of the reactions of respiration
Releases energy for the cell
Muscle cells which are high in demand for energy are rich in mitochondria

Question 7

Cell wall (3)

Answer 7

Made of non-living material called cellulose
Keeps the shape of cell
Freely permeable

Question 8

Chloroplasts (2)

Answer 8

Contains chlorophyll

Absorbs light energy for photosynthesis

Question 9

Vacuole (3)

Answer 9

Filled with cell sap
Store of dissolved sugars, mineral ions, other solutes
Helps keep the shape of the cell

Question 10

Cells

Answer 10

The basic structural and functional unit from which all biological organisms are made

Question 11

Tissue

Answer 11

A group of cells of specific structure and function found in multicellular organisms

Question 12

Organ

Answer 12

A group of tissues that perform a common function

Question 13

Three types of organs in plants

Answer 13

Leaves
Stems
Roots

Question 14

Function of muscular tissue

Answer 14

Contracts to cause movement

Question 15

Function of glandular tissue

Answer 15

Releases hormones or enzymes

Question 16

Examples of single celled organisms (3)

Answer 16

Amoeba
Yeast
Euglena

Question 17

What do a group of systems complete

Answer 17

A single organism

Question 18

Diffusion

Answer 18

The movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration until the particles are evenly spread

Question 19

Why do particles move

Answer 19

They have kinetic energy

Question 20

Why is diffusion passive

Answer 20

No energy is used up

Question 21

What is it called when the particles are evenly spread

Answer 21

Equilibrium

Question 22

Factors affecting diffusion (4)

Answer 22

Surface area
Temperature
Diffusion pathway distance
Diffusion gradient

Question 23

Osmosis definition

Answer 23

The movement of water molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration through a partially permeable membrane

Question 24

Two adaptations of the human gut to aid diffusion

Answer 24

Highly folded increases surface area e.g. Villi

Cell membranes are highly folded e.g. Micro villi

Question 25

What do osmosis, diffusion and active transport all apply to

Answer 25

All cells

Question 26

Active transport definition

Answer 26

Movement of ions or molecules against the diffusion gradient. Cells have to use energy from respiration to move ions or molecules through a cell membrane into the cytoplasm

Question 27

Osmosis definition

Answer 27

The movement of water molecules down its concentration gradient through a partially permeable membrane

Question 28

Two adaptations of the human gut to aid diffusion

Answer 28

Highly folded increases surface area e.g. Villi

Cell membranes are highly folded e.g. Micro villi

Question 29

What do osmosis, diffusion and active transport all apply to

Answer 29

All cells

Question 30

Active transport definition

Answer 30

Movement of ions or molecules against the diffusion gradient. Cells have to use energy from respiration to move ions or molecules through a cell membrane into the cytoplasm

Question 31

Why do molecules move

Answer 31

They have kinetic energy

Question 32

What is the overall movement of molecules called

Answer 32

Net movement