Energy Thermoregulation D

Question 1

Homoiotherm

Answer 1

an animal which maintains a relatively constant body temp, despite wide fluctuations in enviro temps

Question 2

Poikilotherm

Answer 2

an animal with liable body temp, which follows changes in ambient enviro temp

Question 3

behavioural homoiotherm

Answer 3

maintain a fairly constant elevated body temp by moving between sun and shade

Question 4

endotherm

Answer 4

an animal whose body temp is determined by heat derived from body metabolic activity (homeotherm)

Question 5

ectotherm

Answer 5

an animal whose body temp is determined by heat sources external to the body (poikilotherm)

Question 6

upper critical temp

Answer 6

homeothermic animal cannot lose sufficient heat body heat to maintain stable body temp
body core temp starts to rise, food intake reduced, sweating, panting

Question 7

lower critical temp

Answer 7

homeothermic animal loses body to the environment faster than it is able to produce heat and is unable to maintain its stable body temp
metabolic rate rises, food intake increases, shivering, body core temp drops

Question 8

thermoneutral zone

Answer 8

a homeothermic animal can maintain stable body temp without increasing metabolic heat production by increasing metabolic rate above maintenance levels, using little if any extra energy

Question 9

thermal comfort zone

Answer 9

homeothermic animal can maintain a stable core body temp without increasing metabolic heat production above maintenance metabolism AND without employing any behavioural strategy to conserve or dissipate heat

Question 10

thermoregulation

Answer 10

heat exchange with the environment, heat gained and heat loss

Question 11

radiation, convection, conduction

Answer 11

depends on temp gradient

cant lose heat if enviro is warmer than body surface

Question 12

evaporation

Answer 12

depends on vapour pressure gradient

cant lose heat if 100% humidity

Question 13

pelage and plumage insulation

Answer 13

traps still layer of air next to the skin, reducing heat loss by convection
high insulation

Question 14

boundary layer

Answer 14

air movement

Question 15

cover layer

Answer 15

pelage or plumage and still air trapped there

Question 16

tissue layer/body shell

Answer 16

muscles, blood vessels, fat & skin - affected by blood flow

Question 17

body core

Answer 17

visceral organs, major metabolic heat production

Question 18

piloerection

Answer 18

under autonomic control, by dermal muscles, traps or eliminates air