Energy

Question 1

1g carbohydrate contains

Answer 1

4 kcal

Question 2

1g protein contains

Answer 2

5 kcal

Question 3

1g fat

Answer 3

9 kcal

Question 4

energy required for

Answer 4

maintenance
activity
thermoregulation
growth
reproduction

Question 5

daily energy expenditure

Answer 5

maintenance
activity
thermoregulation

all three added together

Question 6

basal metabolic rate

Answer 6

homeothermic animal:

1. at rest (not sleeping)
2. in a post-absorptive state (no longer metabolizing feed)
3. in a thermoneutral environment
4. without physical or psychological stress

Question 7

large vs small for BMR

Answer 7

smaller animal has a higher energy requirement for basal metabolism per unit of body weight, than a larger animal

Question 8

BMR may not remain

Answer 8

constant

Question 9

Reasons for BMR changes

Answer 9

1. rapidly growing animal (2x the BMR)
2. sleeping animal ( 7-28% lower than awake)
3. lower in winter (less food, less energy requirements - moose)
4. higher in winter (more heat produced to keep warm - rabbit)
5. hibernating and animals in torpor

Question 10

considered torpor if

Answer 10

body temp only drops by 10 degrees

Question 11

homeotherms

Answer 11

mammals, birds
maintain a relatively constant core body temperature, despite wide fluctuation in enviro temp
Tb determined by the heat from body metabolism

Question 12

poikilotherms

Answer 12

reptiles

Tb determined by heat sources outside the body

Question 13

hypthermia

Answer 13

in poikilotherms, reptiles

protection against lethal freezing depends on choosing a protected area before Ta drops too low

Question 14

apnea (during hibernation)

Answer 14

no breathing

Question 15

animals rewarm from hibernation only by

Answer 15

endogenous heat

Question 16

what causes the hibernators to awake

Answer 16

arousal to eat and urinate

Question 17

arousal involves

Answer 17

increased heart rate, respiration rate, oxygen consumption