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ANATOMY L2 > Energy Systems > Flashcards

Energy Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is ATP?

A

The energy currency of cellular life and the only fuel the human body recognises and uses

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2
Q

What is the role of ATP?

A

capture chemical energy, obtained from the breakdown of food molecules and release it to fuel other cellular processes

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3
Q

What is ATP composed of?

A

One adenosine molecule bonded with three phosphate molecules

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4
Q

How long does ATP last?

A

1-2 seconds

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5
Q

When does ATP release its energy?

A

When one of its high energy phosphate bonds is broken and it is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

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6
Q

Where does resynthesis of ATP come from?

A

The breakdown of either phosphocreatine or certain nutrients in the diet, such as carbs, fat and protein

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7
Q

How many energy systems are there?

A

3

Phosphocreatine

Lactate

Aerobic

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8
Q

What is the creatine phosphate system used for?

A

Provides ATP to fuel high intensity, explosive activity such as powerlifting, shotput, 100m sprint.

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9
Q

What is the equation for CP?

A

ADP + CP = ATP + Creatine

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10
Q

How fast does CP regenerate ATP and why?

A

Almost immediately by using its phosphate molecule

Because of its chemical make up

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11
Q

When creatine phosphate is broken down by the enzyme, what happens?

A

Creatine kinase releases enough energy to yield an ATP molecule

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12
Q

How many seconds does it take for the CP system to be exhausted?

A

10 seconds

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13
Q

What is the lactate system used for?

A

Fuel Hugh intensity exercise that lasts longer than 10 seconds…

E.G 400m race

Also involved in low-moderate intensity exercise when the demand for oxygen and glycogen stored in the liver can’t be met

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14
Q

How does the lactate system fuel ATP?

A

Tapping into the stores of glycogen in the muscles by breaking it down into glucose without the presence of oxygen.

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15
Q

What happens if the production of lactic acid exceeds the muscles ability to despense it?

A

It will lead to a build up, which will eventually cause the cessation of activity

Known as OBLA

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16
Q

What is OBLA

A

Onset of blood lactate accumulation

Associated with sensations, such as breathlessness, heavy limbs and pain, which usually bring about a need to stop or slow down

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17
Q

What training improves the bodies ability to withstand the build up of lactic acid?

A

Targeted interval training

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18
Q

What is the aerobic system?

A

Energy system that produces ATP from the complete breakdown of carbs, fat and protein in the presence of oxygen

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19
Q

When is the aerobic energy system dominant ?

A

When there is sufficient oxygen in the cells to meet the energy production requirements

(When the body is at rest) or
(When the intensity of activity is low-moderate)

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20
Q

What are the two main macros that supply energy to cellular aerobic metabolism for the production of ATP?

A

Fat and carbs

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21
Q

Is the CP system anaerobic or aerobic?

A

Anaerobic

22
Q

Is the lactate system anaerobic or aerobic?

A

Anaerobic

23
Q

Is the aerobic system anaerobic or aerobic?

A

Aerobic

24
Q

What is the speed of energy production of the CP system?

A

Very rapid

25
Q

What is the speed of energy production of the lactate system?

A

Rapid

26
Q

What is the speed of energy production of the aerobic system?

A

Slow

27
Q

What is the substrate energy source needed in the CP SYSTEM?

A

Stored chemical energy

Phosphate creatine

28
Q

What is the substrate energy source needed in the lactate system?

A

Glycogen

29
Q

What is the substrate energy source needed in the aerobic system?

A

Glycogen and fat

30
Q

What is the amount of energy produced in the CP system?

A

Very limited ATP

31
Q

What is the amount of energy produced in the lactate system?

A

Limited ATP

32
Q

What is the amount of energy produced in the aerobic system?

A

Unlimited ATP

33
Q

What are the by products of energy production in the CP system?

A

No fatiguing waste products

34
Q

What are the by products of energy production in the lactate system?

A

Lactic acid

35
Q

What are the by products of energy production in the aerobic system?

A

No fatiguing waste products (only carbon dioxide and water)

36
Q

What is the duration of energy production on the CP system?

A

Short duration

0-10 seconds

37
Q

What is the Duration of energy production on the lactate system?

A

1-3 minutes of intense activity

38
Q

What is the duration of energy production on the aerobic system?

A

Long

39
Q

What is the intensity of activity on the CP system?

A

Very high intensity

95-100% max effort

40
Q

What is the intensity of activity on the lactate system?

A

High intensity

60-95% max effort

41
Q

What is the intensity of activity on the aerobic system?

A

Low to moderate intensity

Up to 60% max effort

42
Q

What is the recovery required on the CP system?

A

Quick recovery

30s-5 mins

43
Q

What is the recovery required on the lactate system?

A

20 minutes - 2 hours

Recovery from lactic acid exposure

44
Q

What is the recovery required on the aerobic system?

A

Time to eat and drink

To replenish fuel stores

45
Q

What is the predominant fibre type of the CP system?

A

Type llb

46
Q

What is the predominant fibre type of the lactate system?

A

Type lla

47
Q

What is the predominant fibre type of the aerobic system?

A

Type I

48
Q

Where does aerobic energy production occur in the cell?

A

In small sub cellular structures called mitochondria

49
Q

Where does anaerobic (lactate and CP) production occur?

A

Within the muscle cells, in the fluid matrix outside the mitochondria

50
Q

What system would a golf swing or shot put be?

A

CP system

51
Q

What system would a 400m spring or a squash or tennis rally be?

A

Lactate system

52
Q

What system would a long distance run be?

A

Aerobic system

ANATOMY L2 (7 decks)

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