Energy Systems Flashcards
How is energy stored and used
Molecule gives energy for movement once broken down
Where does energy come from?
Food
What do we use energy for?
Movement
Duration of Slow Component of EPOC - glycogen replenishment (Lactic Recovery)
1-24 Hours depending on duration and intensity
What happens during fast component of EPOC recovery (Alactic Recovery)?
ATP and PC resynthesised using oxygen
30s for partial recovery
3 minutes for full restoration
Disadvantages of Aerobic System of Recovery
Complex, slow, oxygen needed
fatty acid transportation to muscle is low and requires 15% more O2
Advantages of ATP-PC System
Rapid ATP resynthesis
PC stores can be replenished quickly
No Fatiguing by products
Which energy system is used in short high intensity (less than 10 seconds)
ATP PC e.g long jump/100m
Describe the key aspects of the ATP/PC Energy System
Type of Reaction: Anaerobic
Location: Sarcoplasm
Chemical/Food Fuel Used: P-C
ATP Produced: 1ATP
By Products: P+C (non fatiguing)
Describe the key aspects of the Lactic Acid Energy System
Type of Reaction: Anaerobic
Location: Sarcoplasm
Chemical/Food Fuel Used: Glycogen/Glucose
ATP Produced: 2ATP
By Products: Lactic Acid (fatiguing)
Describe the key aspects of the Aerobic Energy System
Type of Reaction: Aerobic
Location: AG: Sarcoplasm KC: Mitochondrial Matrix ETC: Motochondial Christae
Chemical/Food Fuel Used: Glycogen and fats
ATP Produced: 38ATP (AG:2, KC:2, ETC:38)
By Products: H2O + CO2
Describe how ATP is broken down
· ATP is the only useable source of energy for muscular contraction.
· ATP is adenosine triphosphate.
· The third bond is broken down by the enzyme ATPase.
· When this bond is broken it releases exothermic energy that is used for muscle contraction.
· The by-products of this are ADP and P.
Describe how ATP is resynthesised
· There is only 2-3 seconds of ATP stored in the muscles.
· It has to be re-synthesised so muscular contraction can continue.
· Endothermic energy from the ATP-PC, Lactic Acid and Aerobic Energy Systems is used to resynthesize ATP.
· ADP + P = ATP
Describe the stages of the ATP-PC energy system
· The ATP-PC system is used for high intensity exercise that lasts a short duration (max 8-10 seconds).
· P-C is stored in the muscle sarcoplasm.
· Creatine Kinase is released to breakdown the bond between P-C.
· When this bond is broken the energy is used endothermically to resynthesize 1 ATP.
Describe the stages of the Lactic Acid Energy System
Glycogen
Glycogen Phosphorylase
Glucose
Phosphofructokinase
Pyruvic Acid
Lactate De-Hydrogenase
Lactic Acid
Describe the stages of the Aerobic Energy System
Aerobic Glycolysis (2 ATP). same as LA system but with O2.
Krebs Cycle (2 ATP) CO2 by product. Releases H+ to ETC.
Electron Transport Chain (2 ATP). H2O by product. H+ transfers along ETC.
Describe how ATP is broken down
· ATP is the only useable source of energy for muscular contraction.
· ATP is adenosine triphosphate.
· The third bond is broken down by the enzyme ATPase.
· When this bond is broken it releases exothermic energy that is used for muscle contraction.
· The by-products of this are ADP and P.
Describe how ATP is resynthesised
· There is only 2-3 seconds of ATP stored in the muscles.
· It has to be re-synthesised so muscular contraction can continue.
· Endothermic energy from the ATP-PC, Lactic Acid and Aerobic Energy Systems is used to resynthesize ATP.
· ADP + P = ATP
Describe the stages of the ATP-PC energy system
· The ATP-PC system is used for high intensity exercise that lasts a short duration (max 8-10 seconds).
· P-C is stored in the muscle sarcoplasm.
· Creatine Kinase is released to breakdown the bond between P-C.
· When this bond is broken the energy is used endothermically to resynthesize 1 ATP.
Describe the stages of the Lactic Acid Energy System
Glycogen
Glycogen Phosphorylase
Glucose
Phosphofructokinase
Pyruvic Acid
Lactate De-Hydrogenase
Lactic Acid
Describe the stages of the Aerobic Energy System
Aerobic Glycolysis (2 ATP). same as LA system but with O2.
Krebs Cycle (2 ATP) CO2 by product. Releases H+ to ETC.
Electron Transport Chain (2 ATP). H2O by product. H+ transfers along ETC.
What is the energy continuum?
The energy continuum is the three energy systems all working together to resynthesise ATP. At different intensities and duration one of the energy systems will be predominant.
How does intensity and duration of exercise determine the predominant energy system?
When intensity is at its highest and duration at its shortest (eg long jump) the predominant energy system will be the ATP-PC energy system.
When intensity is high and duration is short (eg 400M) the predominant energy system will be the lactic acid energy system.
When intensity is low -medium and duration is long (eg marathon) the predominant energy system will be the aerobic energy system.
Explain when each energy system would be predominant in a football match
1500M
ATP-PC—When getting into position at the start of the race and the sprint finish for the last 80M as it’s the highest intensity and shortest duration .
Lactic Acid— From 10 seconds in to 60 seconds in as its high intensity and the O2 might not be at the muscles (depending on warm up) and from 200M out as intensity will increase ready for the sprint finish.
Aerobic—From 1 minute in to 3 minutes as it’s medium intensity and the O2 should be at the muscles (depending on warm up).
Identify the pre-dominant energy systems for the following activities:
Jumping
Running long distance
Sprinting for 30 seconds
Jumping - ATP-PC
Running long distance - Aerobic
Sprinting for 30 seconds - Lactic Acid
Explain when each energy system would be predominant in a 1500M race
1500M
ATP-PC—When getting into position at the start of the race and the sprint finish for the last 80M as it’s the highest intensity and shortest duration .
Lactic Acid— From 10 seconds in to 60 seconds in as its high intensity and the O2 might not be at the muscles (depending on warm up) and from 200M out as intensity will increase ready for the sprint finish.
Aerobic—From 1 minute in to 3 minutes as it’s medium intensity and the O2 should be at the muscles (depending on warm up).
What does EPOC mean?
Excess Post Exercise Oxygen Consumption
What happens in the fast phase of recovery?
· Rapid stage.
· Restores ATP and PC levels in muscle.
· Replenishes myoglobin and haemoglobin
· Requires 3-4 litres of oxygen.
· 50% of PC restored in 30 seconds
· 75% of PC restored in 60 seconds
· 100% of PC restored in 3 minutes
Restored with spare energy from the aerobic system
What are the 2 stages of EPOC (recovery) called?
- Fast Phase / Alactacid Recovery
- Slow Phase / Lactic Acid Recovery
What happens in the slow phase of recovery?
· Slow stage - removal/re-conversion of lactic acid.
· Lactic acid is converted to pyruvic acid and glycogen/glucose to be used as a fuel for aerobic metabolism.
· Small amounts converted to protein and removed in sweat and urine.
· Requires 5-8 litres of oxygen.
· Removes lactic acid between 1-24 hours depending on exercise intensity and level of lactic acid in the body.
What happens in the fast phase of recovery?
· Rapid stage.
· Restores ATP and PC levels in muscle.
· Replenishes myoglobin and haemoglobin
· Requires 3-4 litres of oxygen.
· 50% of PC restored in 30 seconds
· 75% of PC restored in 60 seconds
· 100% of PC restored in 3 minutes
Restored with spare energy from the aerobic system
