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PE > Energy Systems > Flashcards

Energy Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is energy?

A

The ability to perform work

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2
Q

What is chemical energy

A

Energy we get from food

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3
Q

What is potential energy

A

Stored energy

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4
Q

What is kinetic energy

A

Movement energy - (skeletal muscle contraction)

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5
Q

What is work

A

force x distance

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6
Q

What is power

A

work performed over a unit of time (measured in watts)

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7
Q

name the 4 food fuels:

A
  1. Phosphocreatine
  2. Glucose
  3. Lipids + Free fatty acids
  4. Amino acids
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8
Q

What are the 2 energy pathways

A

Aerobic and Anaerobic

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9
Q

what are the anaerobic pathways

A

ATP-PC system and Anaerobic glycolysis system

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10
Q

What are the aerobic pathways

A

Aerobic Glycolysis/Lipolysis

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11
Q

what is ATP

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

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12
Q

What does it contain

A

adenosine and 3 phosphates

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13
Q

How does it release energy

A

it has a high energy bond which is broken down by ATPase.

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14
Q

What is the energy used for

A

Skeletal muscle contraction

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15
Q

How long does ATP last

A

2-4 seconds before needing to be resynthesised

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16
Q

is the breakdown of ATP endothermic or exothermic

A

exothermic (energy exits the reaction)

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17
Q

What are the equation of the breakdown of ATP

A

ATP ==> ADP + Pi + Energy

18
Q

what does Pi mean

A

Inorganic phosphate (single phosphate)

19
Q

what are the factors that effect energy systems

A
  • intensity
  • duration
  • fitness level
20
Q

When is the ATP-PC system used

A

maximal intensity
90-100%
short 8-12 second explosive bursts

21
Q

what does the ATP-PC system use to release energy

A

Phosphocreatine - a substrate/food fuel found in sarcoplasm in muscle

22
Q

How long does ATP-PC energy last

A

8-12 seconds

23
Q

How quickly does ATP-PC system generate energy

A

Rapidly - 10 ATP per seconds

24
Q

What is the ATP-PC systems yield

A

1 mol ATP per 1 mol of PCr broken down

25
Q

How does ATP-PC work

A
  • Creatine kinase detects high levels of ADP.
  • Phosphocreatine is broken down into phosphates and creatine and energy
  • this energy is used to join ADP with a donation of P from the previous reaction to form ATP
  • which is used as energy for skeletal muscle contraction
26
Q

what are the advantages of the ATP-PC system

A
  • rapidly replenishes ATP
  • PC can be quickly restored (98% in 3 mins)
  • readily accessible
  • doesn’t rely upon oxygen
    doesn’t produce any fatiguing by products
27
Q

What are the disadvantages of the ATP-PC system

A
  • low yield (1:1) (most inefficient system)
  • only lasts 8-12 seconds
  • PC is limited
28
Q

give some examples of when the ATP-PC system is used

A

100 meter sprint
javelin
shotput
long jump

29
Q

what does the anaerobic glycolysis system do

A

breaks down glucose and glycogen into ATP without oxygen

30
Q

when is the anaerobic glycolysis system used

A

in high (80-90%) intensity
for up to 3 minutes (peaking at 1 minute)

31
Q

how does the anaerobic glycolysis system work

A
  • first glycogen is broken down into glucose by glycogen phosphorylase.
  • then glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid by phosphofructokinase (PFK), this releases energy, which is used to join a P to ADP to form ATP.
  • since there is no O2 present the pyruvic acid id broken down in to ‘‘lactic acid’’ which is lactate ( which can convert itself back to pyruvic acid the glucose) and hydrogen ions (H- - these are a fatiguing by product and cause muscle fatigue)
32
Q

why does anaerobic glycolysis last for 3 minutes but peaks at 1

A

it produces fatiguing by products (h- ions) which cause an increase in blood acidity (lower pH) so enzymes denature and cant catalyse reactions. this means that performers cant sustain the high intensity so intensity drops.

33
Q

advantages of anaerobic glycolysis

A
  • energy yield has doubled (1 g : 2 ATP) (more efficient than ATP-PC
  • no oxygen needed
  • can last up to 3 minutes
    can sustain high intensity activity
34
Q

disadvantages of anaerobic glycolysis

A
  • peaks at 1 minute (due to the production of fatiguing by products
  • reliant on glucose intake
  • has fatiguing by product
35
Q

what examples is anaerobic glycolysis used in

A

400m sprint
winger in football
centre in netball

36
Q

what does the aerobic system do

A

breaks down glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP.

37
Q

how does the aerobic system work (for glucose)

A

first glycogen breaks down into glucose (GP) then into pyruvic acid (PFK) this releases 2 ATP.
then due to the presence of O2 this turns into acetyl coenzyme A which can enter the Krebs cycle releasing CO2 and H. this releases another 2 ATP. the H can then enter the electron transport chain releasing CO2 and H2O. this releases 34 ATP.

38
Q

explain aerobic lipolysis

A

the breakdown of triglycerides is lipolysis this produces glycerol and free fatty acids. the fatty acids undergo beta oxidation and are downgrades to ACA and hydrogen. ACA can then enter the kerbs cycle.

39
Q

where does the aerobic system take place

A

glycogen –> pyruvic acid happens in the sarcoplasm
acetyl coenzyme A onwards happens in the mitochondria.

40
Q

list the advantages of the aerobic system

A
  • most efficient system (highest yield (38 ATP : 1 glucose) (147+ ATP: 1 FA breakdown)
  • no fatiguing by products
  • uses 3 food fuels
41
Q

list the disadvantages of the aerobic system

A
  • resynthesises ATP the slowest
  • needs sufficient oxygen
    (fats need 15% more O2)
  • relies on glucose intake
42
Q

when is the aerobic system used

A

during long duration (5 mins+) low intensity (40-60%) exercise e.g. long distance cycling, swimming, running

PE (9 decks)

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