Energy Systems

Question 1

How long is the ATP PC system threshold?

Answer 1

10 to 15 seconds anaerobic

Question 2

What is the glycolic system threshold?

Answer 2

One to 2 minutes an aerobic

Question 3

What is the aerobic system threshold?

Answer 3

One minute plus aerobic

Question 4

Define energy.

Answer 4

Energy is the capacity or ability to perform an action

Question 5

What type of reaction is ATP?

Answer 5

A couple reaction

Question 6

Where does ATP get broken down?

Answer 6

The sarcoplasm of the muscles

Question 7

How is ATP broken down to release energy?

Answer 7

ATP is broken down by the enzyme ATPase to form ADP phosphate and energy this is an exothermic reaction.
Next the phosphocreatine store is broken down by creatine kinase to form phosphate creatine and energy.
This energy is then combined with ADP phosphate to synthesise this is an endothermic reaction.

Question 8

What are the advantages of the ATPPC system?

Answer 8

Provide ATP resynthesis very quickly because PC is stored in the muscles.
No need for oxygen as it is anaerobic
Can provide energy for high intensity activity
PC synthesis quickly so recovery time is small
No harmful byproduct

Question 9

What are the disadvantages of the ATPPC system?

Answer 9

PC storage in muscles is limited
Only provide energy for 10 to 15 seconds
Low energy output from input one molecule of PC produces one molecule of ATP

Question 10

Where does the glycolic system happen?

Answer 10

In the soccer plasm of the muscles

Question 11

What is the process of the glycolic system?

Answer 11

Glycogen stored in the muscles and lever is broken down by the enzyme GPP.
It is broken down into glucose, glucose has been broken down by the enzyme PFK into pyruvic acid.
Pelvic acid is then broken down by LDH and produces 2 ATP.
Acid is broken down into lactic acid.

Question 12

What are the advantages of the glycolic system?

Answer 12

Can provide energy for high intensity activities.
No need to wait for oxygen.
Due to high stores of glycogen, the system can provide more energy for synthesis.
Two moles of ATP created from one mole of carbohydrate.

Question 13

What are the advantages of the glycolic system?

Answer 13

Can provide energy for high intensity activities.
No need to wait for oxygen.
Due to high stores of glycogen, the system can provide more energy for synthesis.
Two moles of ATP created from one mole of carbohydrate.

Question 14

What are the disadvantages of the glycolytic system?

Answer 14

Create harmful byproducts such as lactic acid.
And lactic acid raises muscle acidity levels which slows enzymes production causing fatigue

Question 15

What are the three stages of the aerobic system?

Answer 15

Aerobic glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain

Question 16

What happens in glycolysis of the aerobic system?

Answer 16

Like the glycolic system glycogen from the muscle and liver is broken down by the enzyme GPP into glucose. This is broken down by the enzyme PFK into pyruvic acid this creates two moles of ATP.
Pyruvic acid however now combines with co enzyme a to form Acetyl enzyme a.

Question 17

What happens during the Krebs cycle of the aerobic system?

Answer 17

Acetyl coenzyme a combines with oxaloacetic acid (located in the mitochondria where the reaction has moved to) this creates citric acid the breakdown of the citric acid two more ATP.
It is broken down into three more things: CO2, hydrogen atoms, the regeneration of oxaloacetic acid.

Question 18

What happens during the electron transport phase of the aerobic system?

Answer 18

The hydrogen made from the Krebs cycle is carried by NADS and FADS to form NADH and FADH.
Hydrogen ions are oxidised and removed as water hydrogen electrons release energy to synthesise ATP this releases 34 ATP.

Question 19

What are the advantages of the aerobic system?

Answer 19

Large fuel stores allow a long duration of energy production.
High ATP yield.
No fatigue byproducts.

Question 20

What are the disadvantages of the aerobic system?

Answer 20

Delay for oxygen delivery and complex series of reactions so cannot provide energy immediately.
Slow energy production limit activities to sub maximal intensity

Question 21

What is the role of fat in the aerobic system?

Answer 21

Glycogen stores are large but long distance performance will not want to preserve these stores fats or try rides can be metabolised aerobically providing a preferred and huge potential store the enzyme lipase can break these down and convert them to acetyl coenzyme a for the Krebs cycle