Energy Systems Flashcards
Name the 3 Energy systems
ATP-PC /alactic system
Lactic acid system
Aerobic system
What type of reaction is the ATP-PC system?
Anaerobic
What fuels the ATP-PC system?
Phosphocreatine
How much ATP is produced by the ATP-PC system?
1 ATP per molecule of PC
What are the by products of the ATP-PC system?
None/ADP
Name a sporting example for the ATP-PC system and why would a player use this system?
100m sprint , shot put and high jump
- Up to 10 seconds of exercise
- High intensity
- Short burst needed e.g. sprint for the football
- Not enough time for anaerobic glycolysis
What is ATP?
Adenosine Tri-phosphate and consists of 3 phosphate groups , a molecule of adenosine and is needed for muscular contractions
How does ATP release energy?
By breaking a high energy bond between phosphate groups which releases energy and forms ADP
How does ATP work like a rechargeable battery?
ATP can be resynthesized if a phosphate group is added on to ADP forming back into ATP
How long does the ATP-PC system last for?
Up to 10 seconds
What is Phosphocreatine made up of?
A molecule of creatine and a phosphate group
How long does ATP last for?
2 seconds
Where is ATP stored?
In the muscle cells (sarcoplasm)
What enzyme is used in the ATP-PC system?
Creatine Kinase
Explain the Exothermic reaction
Energy is given out
ATP = Energy + P + ADP
Explain the Endothermic reaction
Energy is taken in
Energy + ADP + P = ATP
Advantages of the ATP-PC system?
- Dosen’t require oxygen
- Fewer reactions needed
- Energy stored in muscles
- Energy available quickly
- No fatiguing by products
- PC can be resynthesized so a quick recovery time
Disadvantages of the ATP-PC system?
- 1 PC resynthesises 1 ATP
- Small amount of PC/ATP stored in the muscles
What type of reaction is the Lactic acid system?
Anaerobic
What fuels the Lactic acid system?
Glycogen , glucose and carbohydrates
How much ATP is produced by the Lactic acid system?
2 ATP
What are the by products of the Lactic acid system?
Lactic acid
Name a sporting example for the Lactic acid system and why would a player use this system?
400 sprint and 200m swim
- HIT exercise over 10 seconds
- Prolonged/repeated sprints e.g. periods of attacking and defending in football
What effect does Lactic acid have on muscular contractions?
Causes fatigue
How long does the Lactic acid system last for?
1-2 mins
When does the Lactic acid system begin?
When the ATP-PC system starts to fade at around 10 seconds we need another system to resynthesise ATP
What does the Lactic acid system break down?
Glycogen which produces 2 ATP and is without oxygen so is called anaerobic glycolysis. Pyruvate acid is produced which is converted to lactic acid which is a waste product
Where is glycogen stored?
Liver and muscle cells
Advantages of the Lactic acid system?
- Can work both aerobically and anaerobically
- Dosen’t require oxygen
- Fast reaction
- Provides energy for HIT exercise
- Fewer reactions than aerobic system
- Resynthesis of 2 ATP molecules which is 1 more than the ATP-PC system)
- Large glycogen store in the liver and muscle cells which is readily available as an energy source
Disadvantages of the Lactic acid system?
- Not as quick as the ATP-PC system
- Produces lactic acid which is a fatiguing by product
- Reduces blood PH which inhibits enzyme action
- Stimulates pain receptors
- Pain/fatigue
What type of reaction is the Aerobic system?
Aerobic (relies on oxygen)
What fuels the Aerobic system?
Fatty acids , glucose and glycogen
How much ATP is produced by the Aerobic system?
38 ATP in total
- 2 ATP in aerobic glycolysis
- 2 ATP in the Kreb cycle
- 34 ATP in the electron transport chain
What are the by products of the Aerobic system?
Water and carbon dioxide
Name a sporting example for the Aerobic system and why would a player use this system?
Marathon or triathlon
- At least 2 mins after start of exercise
- Low/medium intensity
- Enough oxygen is available
- Below anaerobic threshold
- E.g. to last the full 90 mins of football
Name the 3 stages of the Aerobic system
- Aerobic glycolyis
- Krebs cycle
- Electron transport chain
What enzyme is used during the Aerobic system?
ATPase
Describe the 1st stage of the Aerobic system
Aerobic glycolysis
- Takes place in the sarcoplasm
- Glucose/glycogen is converted to pyruvic acid which isn’t converted to lactic acid as oxygen is present
- 2 ATP produced
- Pyruvate is catalysed by co enzyme A to produce acetyl co-enzyme A
Describe the 2nd stage of the Aerobic system
Krebs cycle
- Takes place in the mitochondria
- Acetyl coA combines with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid
- 2 ATP produced
- By products = carbon dioxide and hydrogen
What is used in the Krebs cycle?
Fats which are broken down to produce more ATP which requires more oxygen
Describe the 3rd stage of the Aerobic system
Electron transport chain
- Hydrogen splits into ions and electrons
- Electrons are passed down the chain
- 34 ATP produced
- Ions are oxidised
- By products = water
Advantages of the Aerobic system
- Lactic acid isn’t produced
- Provides energy for low and moderate intensity and high duration exercise
- 38 ATP produced from 1 molecule of glucose
- Efficient ATP re-synthesis when good oxygen supply guarantees breakdown of fatty acids
- Large potential glycogen and fatty acid stores available
Disadvantages of the Aerobic system
- Takes up to 20 mins to start to use fats as an energy source
- Takes time to transition to the system
- Limited energy for ATP during high intensity short duration exercise
- More complex series of reactions
- Requires more oxygen supply
- Slower rate of ATP re-synthesis
What is an Energy continuum?
Sporting activities which are placed on different points depending on their intensity and duration
How do Energy systems work?
Together
What is the timescale for recovery for the ATP-PC system?
2-3 mins
What is the recovery process for the ATP-PC system?
Restoration of phosphocreatine
- Fast component of epoc
- Faster and deeper breathing after exercise to resynthesise ATP/PC stores and replenish myoglobin
What is the timescale for recovery for the Lactic acid system?
30 mins - 2 hours
What is the recovery process for the Lactic acid system?
- Removal of lactic acid by converting it to glycogen or glucose
- Replenishing glycogen
- Slow component of epoc
- Aerobic system provides energy for the recovery process
- Ventilation rates remain elevated during recovery
What is EPOC?
Excesive post exercise oxygen consumption
- There is fast and slow components
- Aerobic energy is produced during recovery to resynthesise ATP and replenish PC
- Oxygen is used to break down lactic acid
Why is knowledge of EPOC beneficial?
- Restores ATP
- Removes lactic acid
- Warm up provides more oxygen to working muscles
- Cool down speeds up removal of lactate
What is the timescale for recovery for the Aerobic system?
48 hours
What is the recovery process for the Aerobic system?
Repay oxygen debt by…
- Stop being active so decreases demand for oxygen
- Reducing intensity so demand for oxygen meets supply
- Undergo a cool down which will remove waste products and take more oxygen in
