Energy systems

Question 1

What is the chemical makeup of Fat?

Answer 1

Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids

Question 2

What are the 3 Basic Energy Systems in the body?

Answer 2

ATP-PCr
Glycolysis
Oxidative System

Question 3

ATP-PCr

Answer 3

Occurs in Cytoplasm
Depletes very quickly (No longer than 14 seconds)

Question 4

Glycolysis

Answer 4

Occurs in Cytoplasm
Anaerobic

Question 5

Oxidative System

Answer 5

Occurs in Mitochondria
Require Oxygen
Creates lots of energy
Endurance Events

Question 6

Beta Oxidation - Fat

Answer 6

Fatty acids breakdown via enzymes in the mitochondria into acetic acid and is then converted to acetyl CoA

Fat oxidation requires more oxygen and generates more energy than carbohydrate oxidation; Fat 9 cal, Carb 4 cal

Question 7

Protein Metabolism

Answer 7

Some amino acids form proteins that can be converted into intermediates of the energy production system; Pyruvate and Acetyl CoA

Question 8

What determines Oxidative Capacity

Answer 8

Oxidative enzyme activity
- Someone who trains more has more mitochondria
Fiber Type & # of mitochondria
Endurance Training
Oxygen availability and uptake in the lungs

Question 9

When something regarding energy is limited what saying do we use to solve?

Answer 9

O2 Uptake, Transport and Utilization

Question 10

What does RER stand for?

Answer 10

Respiratory Exchange Ratio

~5 kcal of energy per Liter of O2 consumed

Question 11

What is RER at rest?

Answer 11

0.78 to 0.80

Question 12

What are the RER values of CHO and Fat

Answer 12

CHO = 1
Fat = 0.7

Question 13

RER

Question 14

RER Formula

Answer 14

VCO2/VO2

Question 15

O2 Uptake vs Power Output

Answer 15

Theoretical and Actual results from the study show that O2 (and HR) will continuously increase at a steady state

Question 16

Why does O2 continue to increase at a steady state?

Answer 16

O2 continues to increase because we shift the muscle fibers types that we use from type 1 to recruiting more type 2 muscle fibers

Question 17

VO2Max

Answer 17

Good indicator of cardiorespiratory endurance and aerobic fitness

Expresses relative body weight in ml of O2 consumed per kg body weight per min

Exercise intensity and oxygen uptake is significantly different on different people

Question 18

Exercise intensity and lactate accumulation

Answer 18

Point at which lactate production exceeds lactate clearance

Lactate clearance contributes fatigue

Question 19

Lactate Threshold

Answer 19

Untrained: 50-60% of VO2Max
Elite Trained: 70-80% of VO2Max

When LT expressed as % of VO2Max it is one of the best determinants of an athletes pace in endurance events