Energy Metabolism II

Question 1

The combustion of what three things can form ATP?

Answer 1

1. Carbs
2. Fatty Acids
3. Proteins

Question 2

What can ATP provide energy to?

Answer 2

1. synthesis of cellular components
2. muscle contraction
3. active transport
4. nerve conduction

Question 3

What is the function of phosphocreatine?

Answer 3

accessory storage depot for energy and ATP Buffer

Question 4

How much more abundant is phosphocreatine than ATP?

Answer 4

3x

Question 5

What is the equation involving phosphocreatine and ATP?

Answer 5

Phosphocreatine + ADP –> ATP + Creatine

Question 6

What is the most important intracellular process that requires energy?

Answer 6

formation of peptide linkages

Question 7

What is the range of calories per mole when making a peptide bond?

Answer 7

500 to 5000 calories per mole

Question 8

What is needed for the formation of a peptide bond?

Answer 8

two amino acids, a peptidyl transferase, GTP

Question 9

How many high energy phosphate bonds are need to form one peptide linkage?

Answer 9

4

Question 10

What are excess amino acids in body fluids used for?

Answer 10

degradation and used for energy

Question 11

What is the first step in deamination?

Answer 11

transamination

Question 12

What are the molecules involved to make urea in the liver?

Answer 12

two molecules of ammonia + one molecule of carbon dioxide

Question 13

What are the steps of the ornithine cycle that occur in the mitochondria?

Answer 13

ammonia + CO2 –> carbamoyl phosphate

carbamoyl phosphate + ornithine –> citrulline

Question 14

What are the steps of the ornithine cycle that occur in the cytoplasm?

Answer 14

citrulline + apartate –> arginosuccinate –> arginine + fumerate
arginine –> urea + ornithine
fumerate can enter citric acid cycle

Question 15

What is the rate of overall chemical reaction determined by?

Answer 15

concentration of enzyme, concentration of substrate

Question 16

What happens when the substrate concentration is high?

Answer 16

Reaction rate is determined almost entirely by concentration of enzyme

Question 17

What is an example of when substrate concentration is high?

Answer 17

diabetes mellitus- large quantities of glucose enter renal tubles

Question 18

What happens when the enzyme concentration is high?

Answer 18

Reaction rate is directly proportional to concentration of substrate and enzyme

Question 19

What is the rate of a series of chemical reactions determined by?

Answer 19

the rate limiting step - the slowest step in the series

Question 20

What is the major rate limiting factor for almost all energy

Answer 20

ADP

Question 21

What are two examples of ADP substrate dependence?

Answer 21

1. All oxidative metabolic pathways

2. Pathways that involve releasing of energy

Question 22

What percent of all food becomes heat?

Answer 22

35%

Question 23

Where is 95% if energy expended by body derived from?

Answer 23

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 24

You can metabolize 1 liter of oxygen with _ for glucose?

Answer 24

5.01 Cal

Question 25

You can metabolize 1 liter of oxygen with _ for fat?

Answer 25

4.7 Cal

Question 26

You can metabolize 1 liter of oxygen with _ for protein?

Answer 26

4.6 Cal

Question 27

What is the normal BMR per hour?

Answer 27

65 to 70 Cal per hour

Question 28

What is the effect of thyroxine on metabolic rate?

Answer 28

increases chemical reactions, increases metabolic rate

Question 29

What is the effect of testosterone on metabolic rate?

Answer 29

increase metabolic rate 10 to 15 percent

Question 30

What is the effect of malnutrition on metabolic rate?

Answer 30

reduction in metabolic rate

Question 31

What is the percent daily energy usage?

Answer 31

60%

Question 32

What is glycogenolysis

Answer 32

breakdown of glycogen

Question 33

What is gluconeogenesis

Answer 33

making of glucose