Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Wehbe, Physiology II Exam 3 > Adrenal Hormones > Flashcards

Adrenal Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

What is secreted in the adrenal medulla?

A

catecholamines- epinephrine and norephinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What autonomic system is the adrenal medulla related to?

A

sympathetic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is secreted in the adrenal cortex?

A

corticosteroids- mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgenic hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is secreted from the zona glomerulosa?

A

aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is secreted from zona fasciculata and zona reticularis?

A

Cortisol and androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where are corticosteroids synthesized from?

A

cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What affect does ACTh have on LDL receptors?

A

increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is cholesterol converted to in the mitochondria?

A

pregnenolone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the enzyme needed for the converstion of cholesterol?

A

cholesterol desmolase (rate limiting step)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are two things that can increase the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone?

A

ACTH and angiotension II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the major mineralocorticoid?

A

aldosteron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What controls mineralocorticoid secretion?

A

angiotension II and K+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are mineraloscorticoids secreted?

A

zona glomerulosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the major glucocorticoid?

A

cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the effect of glucocorticoids on blood glucose?

A

increase blood glucose concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What controls glucocorticoid secretion?

A

ACTH

17
Q

Where are glucocorticoids secreted?

A

zona fasciculata

18
Q

What are the androgenic hormones?

A

DHEA and estrogen

19
Q

Where are androgenic hormones secreted?

A

zona reticularis

20
Q

What can a lack of aldosterone cause?

A 
death, K+ levels ride in ECF 
Na and Cl are lost in urine
blood volume reduced
hyperkalemia
cardiac toxicity
21
Q

What can an excess of aldosterone cause?

A

Increase in ECF and arterial pressure
hypokalemia and muscle weakness
transport of K+ from ECP
alkalosis

22
Q

What effect does aldosterone have on reabsorption?

A

increases renal tubular reabsorption of sodium and increases potassium in urine

23
Q

What is the sequence of events leading to sodium reabsorption?

A

aldosterone diffusion
aldosterone combines with mineralocorticoid
aldosterone complex diffuses into nucleus
RNA transcription
Sodium-potassium ATPase pump
Epithelial sodium channel formed

24
Q

What are the cells that are involved in aldosterone responsive epithelial cell signaling?

A

principal cells

25
Q

How is aldosterone secretion regulated?

A

independent of cortisol regulation
increase K+ increases aldosterone
increase angiotension II increases aldosterone
ACTH has little effect in controlling rate of secretion

26
Q

What are the functions of glucocorticoids?

A 
stimulates gluconeogenesis
resists stress
resists inflammation
increase enzymes that convert amino acids to glucose
decrease eosinophils
27
Q

What causes primary Addison’s Disease?

A

hypoadrenalism due to injurt to adrenal cortex

28
Q

What causes secondary Addison’s Disease?

A

hypoadrenalism- impaired function of pituitary gland

29
Q

What are the the disturbances for Addison’s Disease?

A

mineralocorticoid definiciency
glucocorticoid deficiency
Melanin pigmentation

30
Q

What are some effects of a mineralocorticoid deficienct?

A 
decrease fluid volume
hyponatremia
hyperkalemia
acidosis
increase RBC concentration
Decrease bp and cardiac output
death from shock
31
Q

What are some effects of a glucocorticoid deficiency?

A

can’t maintain normal glucose concentration
decrease protein and fats
muscle weakness
stress

32
Q

What are some effects of melanin pigmentation?

A

problem with negative feedback to pituitary

uneven distribution of pigmentation

33
Q

What is Cushing’s Disease?

A

hyperadrenalism

34
Q

What causes Cushing’s Disease

A 
Adenomas of anterior pit
abnormal hypothalamus
ectopic secretion of ACTH
adenoma of adrenal cortex
excess ACTH
35
Q

What are some characteristics of Cushing’s Disease?

A 
Buffalo torso
Moon face
Acne Hirsutism
hypertension
increased blood glucose

Wehbe, Physiology II Exam 3 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions