Energy Metabolism

Question 1

Formulas to calculate ideal body weight

Answer 1

IBW for men: 50 kg + 2.3 kg/inch > 5 ft
IBW for women: 45 kg + 2.3 kg/inch > 5ft

IBW for men: 106 lb + 6lb/inch > 5 ft
IBW for women: 100 lb + 5 lb/inch > 5 ft

Question 2

Weight Classification Based on IBW

Answer 2

90% IBW: underweight
90.9-109.9%: normal weight
≥ 110% IBW: overweight
≥ 120% IBW: obese

Question 3

%ibw formula

Answer 3

% IBW = actual body weight / IBW x100

Question 4

What are the models for assessment of body composition

Answer 4

Two compartment model

Four compartment model

Question 5

Two compartment model: includes?

Answer 5

–Fat mass (FM)

–Fat free mass (FFM)

Question 6

Four compartment model: includes?

Answer 6

–FM
–FFM
–Bone mineral
–Total body water

Question 7

Anthropometry (Hydro) Densitometry, Air displacement plethysmography, Bioelectrical impedance, Ultrasonography or Ultrasound Infrared Interactance, Total body water, Total body potassium

Are all based on what model

Answer 7

2 compartment

Question 8

Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, Computerized tomography, Magnetic resonance imaging

Are based on what model

Answer 8

4 compartment model

Question 9

Energy input =

Answer 9

dietary intake

Question 10

Energy output (expenditure) =

Answer 10

–Resting energy expenditure
–Thermic effect of food
–Physical activity
–Thermoregulation

Question 11

Contribution of different cell components to BMR

Answer 11

Vital organs > muscle tissue > adipose tissue

Question 12

BMR vs RMR

Answer 12

BMR accounts for 50-70% of daily total energy expenditure

RMR accounts for 65-80% of daily TEE (does not require fasting)

Question 13

What is Thermic effect of food (TEF)

Answer 13

Represents increase in energy expenditure associated with the digestion, absorption, transport, metabolism, and storage of nutrients

Question 14

Thermic effect of food ranges

Answer 14

–Protein: 20-30%
–Carbohydrate: 5-10%
–Fat: 0-5%

Question 15

When does TEF peak

Answer 15

1 hour after eating

Question 16

Leptin site of production

Answer 16

White adipose tissue

Question 17

Ghrelin site of production

Answer 17

Stomach and duodenum

Question 18

Adiponectin site of production

Answer 18

Adipocytes

Question 19

Cholecystokinin (CCK) site of production

Answer 19

Intestine

Question 20

PYY site of production

Answer 20

Small and large intestine

Question 21

Insulin site of production

Answer 21

B cells of pancreas

Question 22

Glucocorticoids site of production

Answer 22

Adrenal glands

Question 23

Leptin function

Answer 23

Decreases urge to eat and increases physical activity

Question 24

Ghrelin function

Answer 24

Stimulates hunger and food intake

Question 25

Adiponectin function

Answer 25

Protects against insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia

Question 26

CCK function

Answer 26

Suppresses appetite and promotes satiety

Question 27

PYY function

Answer 27

Suppresses appetite in the long term

Question 28

Insulin function

Answer 28

Suppresses hunger and stimulates the deposition of TAG in adipose, which stimulates leptin

Question 29

Glucocorticoid function

Answer 29

Excess stimulate appetite Low levels lead to anorexia

Question 30

Weight percentiles for children

Answer 30

–BMI 95th percentile = obese