Energy Metabolism Flashcards
What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+ATP
Where does cellular respiration occur?
In the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells.
What are the three main stages of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle), and Electron Transport Chain.
What is fermentation?
An anaerobic process that allows ATP production when oxygen is not available.
What are the two main types of fermentation?
Ethanol and CO2 fermentation and lactic acid fermentation.
What is the equation for ethanol / CO2 fermentation
C6H12O6→2C2H5OH+2CO2+ATP
(Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide + ATP)
What did the yeast fermentation experiment measure?
The amount of ethanol produced after 10 minutes using an ethanol sensor.
Which sugar is easiest for yeast to ferment?
Glucose, because it is directly used in glycolysis.
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen, which are used in cellular respiration. Cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide and water, which are used in photosynthesis.
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2+6H2O+light energy→C6H12O6+6O2
Where does photosynthesis occur?
In the chloroplasts of plant cells.
What are the two stages of photosynthesis?
Light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions).
What element in sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) is important for photosynthesis?
Carbon, as it provides a source of CO₂ for photosynthesis.
Why do the spinach discs sink at first in the experiment?
The air in their cells is removed, making them denser than water.
What makes the spinach discs float during the experiment?
The production of oxygen gas during photosynthesis.
What were the three types of peas used in the cellular respiration experiment?
Germinating peas, non-germinating peas, and ice-cold germinating peas.
Which type of peas had the highest respiration rate?
Germinating peas, because they are actively growing and require more ATP.
What effect does temperature have on cellular respiration in peas?
Lower temperatures slow down respiration, reducing CO₂ production.
What was the control in the photosynthesis experiment?
The no light condition, which shows the baseline photosynthesis rate without light.
Which light treatment worked best for photosynthesis?
Blue / red light, because they are absorbed most efficiently by chlorophyll.
How does temperature affect the respiration rate in peas?
Lower temperatures slow down respiration, reducing CO₂ production.
How was respiration measured?
Using a CO₂ gas sensor to detect carbon dioxide levels over time.
