Energy introduction & resources for the energy transition Flashcards

1
Q

Where has the kargest energy demand fo the last 5yrs been from?

A

China

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2
Q

What is global energy demand/ usage trend like?

A

Almosta ubiquitous increase for all nations

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3
Q

What minor contruction problem is associated with renewable power generation?

A

Natural resources required to build and maintain

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4
Q

What is the cost per solar panel?

A

£350-500

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5
Q

What is the current domestic cap for solar power?

A

4-6Kw

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6
Q

How can solar panels pay themselves off?

A

Free/ very chepa energy
When surplus payments given for feeding into the power grid

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7
Q

Why are solar panels less effecitve/ used in the uk?

A

Intermittent sun
PLanning permissions of some areas (bounville village council no road facing planels)

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8
Q

What raw materials are needed to produce solar panels?

A

Sand
Silicon
Boron
Phosporous
Aluminium
Iron
Zinc
Petroleum
Copper

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9
Q

What is the USA production problem with solar panels?

A

geopolitical with REEs from china needed to produce but can go long winded way around and buy chinese solar panels for materials

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10
Q

What industries have been used to imporve wind turbine efficiency?

A

Aero and motorvehicle

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11
Q

What are the benefits of wind turbines?

A

Wind ubiquitous
Long lifespan with replaceble parts
High propotion recylable

Only downside is effort for replacement or removal

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12
Q

What negatives to wind farms are there?

A

Often local opposition
Impacts on wildlife
Location key – height, spacing, position in relation to other features
If grid at maximum might be turned off wasting energy

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13
Q

What have turbines be recyled for?

A

Playgrounds, bike sheds and farm bridges but expensive so not done often

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14
Q

What are the biggest uses for lithium?

A

Betteries
Glass and cermaics (colouring of glass)

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15
Q

How is lithium typically extracted?

A

Pumped from brine (with water pumped back in 5km away for natural recharge over 10yrs)
Evapouration
Treatment
Precipitation
Filtration

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16
Q

What are the environmental impacts of lithium extraction and processing?

A

Huge water demand (2 million litres for 1 tonne)
Extraction in already water stressed areas
Borate acid leaks
Neo-colonisation (land grabbing)

17
Q

What is the problem with lithium batteries?

A

Finite life with little reycling plus recycled material not being suitable for batteries ( so if recyled used by glass then new can be used for batteries)

18
Q

Why is disposal of small batteries to landfill damamging?

A

metal pollution
Burn/ explosion risk

19
Q

How do energy storage systems work?

A

Using surplus energy from renewables to pump water in resevoirs or winch up weight so can be realsed under gravity when shortage

20
Q

What is energy vault technology?

A

Gravity pendulum idea where contrere tower surrounds winch system with blocks lowered to outer ring to produce energy