Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science > Energy Flow > Flashcards

Energy Flow Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Metabolism

A

Sum of all biochemical reactions that occur within a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chemical reactions

A

Reactions that change the molecular formula of a molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Activation energy

A

The amount of energy required for a reaction to start

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is reaction energy usually sourced from?

A

Environmental heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Reactant

A

Substrate, the molecule or molecules that are present at the beginning of a chemical reaction and become the product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Product

A

The result of a chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Endergonic/endothermic reactions

A

A reaction in which heat is absorbed and a larger molecule is formed from multiple smaller ones
Dehydration synthesis, protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, RNA synthesis, and photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Exergonic/exothermic reactions

A

A reaction in which heat is released and a molecule is broken down into simple compounds
Hydrolysis, cellular respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Enzyme

A

Protein biocatalysts that lower activation energy to make chemical reactions happen faster and only work with specific substrates
Generally end in -ase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Active site

A

The part of an enzyme that binds with the substrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Denaturation

A

An enzymes shape changes and it no longer functions because the substrate no longer fits in the active site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What causes denaturation of enzymes?

A

pH changes, temperature changes, and salt concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What chemical reactions do enzymes regulate?

A

Making materials that cells need, releasing energy, transferring information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do minor temperature changes affect enzymes?

A

Lower temperatures make enzymes slower and higher temperatures make enzymes faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Inhibitors

A

Slow down enzyme activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Competitive inhibitors

A

Occupy the active site and block substrates from entering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Noncompetitive inhibitors

A

Completely fill the active site so that there is nowhere for substrates to enter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Adenosine triphosphate

A

Energy carrying molecule that carries and stores energy for cell functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In the ATP-ADP cycle what is and isn’t recycled?

A

ADP is recycled, phosphate is not

20
Q

When is the energy from the third phosphate bond released?

A

Phosphorylation when it attaches to another molecule

21
Q

Where is the energy in ATP stored?

A

The bond between the second and third phosphates

22
Q

Is breaking down ATP endothermic or exothermic?

A

Exothermic

23
Q

Is ATP being formed endothermic or exothermic?

A

Endothermic

24
Q

Chemiosmosis

A

Movement of ions down a concentration gradient

25
Q

What forms ATP from ADP?

A

ATP synthase

26
Q

What is used to attach the third phosphate?

A

Energy from food

27
Q

When is ATP formed?

A

Cellular respiration

28
Q

How many ATP molecules can be made from a molecule of glucose?

A

~36

29
Q

How many ATP molecules can be made from a molecule of glycerol?

A

~15-20

30
Q

Producers

A

Autotrophs, get energy from nonliving sources

31
Q

Consumers

A

Heterotrophs, get energy from living or once living sources

32
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Uses energy from the sun
6CO2 + 6H2O= C6H12O6 + 6O2

33
Q

What organisms perform photosynthesis?

A

Plants and cyanobacteria

34
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

Uses energy from chemicals like sulfur and methane
6CO2 + 18H2S + 3O2 = C6H12O6 + 12H2O + 18S (sulfur version)

35
Q

What organisms perform chemosynthesis?

A

Deep sea bacteria

36
Q

What is the same in photosynthesis and chemosynthesis?

A

Both produce sugars and use nonliving energy sources

37
Q

How do consumers get energy?

A

They ingest organisms and digest them to release ATP during cellular respiration

38
Q

Herbivores

A

Eat vegetation

39
Q

Carnivores

A

Eat meat

40
Q

Omnivores

A

Eat meat and vegatation

41
Q

Detritivores (decomposers)

A

Eat dead materials

42
Q

Food chains

A

Trace energy flow and show trophic levels

43
Q

Trophic levels

A

Levels of nourishment in a food chain
1 = producer, 4 = tertiary consumer

44
Q

Food webs

A

Show multiple food chains and how they connect

45
Q

Rule of 10

A

Only 10% of energy from the previous level is passed on

46
Q

Where does most energy obtained go?

A

90% of energy is used for metabolism or released as heat

Science (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions