Energy Flow

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

Sum of all biochemical reactions that occur within a cell

Question 2

Chemical reactions

Answer 2

Reactions that change the molecular formula of a molecule

Question 3

Activation energy

Answer 3

The amount of energy required for a reaction to start

Question 4

Where is reaction energy usually sourced from?

Answer 4

Environmental heat

Question 5

Reactant

Answer 5

Substrate, the molecule or molecules that are present at the beginning of a chemical reaction and become the product

Question 6

Product

Answer 6

The result of a chemical reaction

Question 7

Endergonic/endothermic reactions

Answer 7

A reaction in which heat is absorbed and a larger molecule is formed from multiple smaller ones
Dehydration synthesis, protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, RNA synthesis, and photosynthesis

Question 8

Exergonic/exothermic reactions

Answer 8

A reaction in which heat is released and a molecule is broken down into simple compounds
Hydrolysis, cellular respiration

Question 9

Enzyme

Answer 9

Protein biocatalysts that lower activation energy to make chemical reactions happen faster and only work with specific substrates
Generally end in -ase

Question 10

Active site

Answer 10

The part of an enzyme that binds with the substrate

Question 11

Denaturation

Answer 11

An enzymes shape changes and it no longer functions because the substrate no longer fits in the active site

Question 12

What causes denaturation of enzymes?

Answer 12

pH changes, temperature changes, and salt concentration

Question 13

What chemical reactions do enzymes regulate?

Answer 13

Making materials that cells need, releasing energy, transferring information

Question 14

How do minor temperature changes affect enzymes?

Answer 14

Lower temperatures make enzymes slower and higher temperatures make enzymes faster

Question 15

Inhibitors

Answer 15

Slow down enzyme activity

Question 16

Competitive inhibitors

Answer 16

Occupy the active site and block substrates from entering

Question 17

Noncompetitive inhibitors

Answer 17

Completely fill the active site so that there is nowhere for substrates to enter

Question 18

Adenosine triphosphate

Answer 18

Energy carrying molecule that carries and stores energy for cell functions

Question 19

In the ATP-ADP cycle what is and isn’t recycled?

Answer 19

ADP is recycled, phosphate is not

Question 20

When is the energy from the third phosphate bond released?

Answer 20

Phosphorylation when it attaches to another molecule

Question 21

Where is the energy in ATP stored?

Answer 21

The bond between the second and third phosphates

Question 22

Is breaking down ATP endothermic or exothermic?

Answer 22

Exothermic

Question 23

Is ATP being formed endothermic or exothermic?

Answer 23

Endothermic

Question 24

Chemiosmosis

Answer 24

Movement of ions down a concentration gradient

Question 25

What forms ATP from ADP?

Answer 25

ATP synthase

Question 26

What is used to attach the third phosphate?

Answer 26

Energy from food

Question 27

When is ATP formed?

Answer 27

Cellular respiration

Question 28

How many ATP molecules can be made from a molecule of glucose?

Answer 28

~36

Question 29

How many ATP molecules can be made from a molecule of glycerol?

Answer 29

~15-20

Question 30

Producers

Answer 30

Autotrophs, get energy from nonliving sources

Question 31

Consumers

Answer 31

Heterotrophs, get energy from living or once living sources

Question 32

Photosynthesis

Answer 32

Uses energy from the sun 6CO2 + 6H2O= C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 33

What organisms perform photosynthesis?

Answer 33

Plants and cyanobacteria

Question 34

Chemosynthesis

Answer 34

Uses energy from chemicals like sulfur and methane 6CO2 + 18H2S + 3O2 = C6H12O6 + 12H2O + 18S (sulfur version)

Question 35

What organisms perform chemosynthesis?

Answer 35

Deep sea bacteria

Question 36

What is the same in photosynthesis and chemosynthesis?

Answer 36

Both produce sugars and use nonliving energy sources

Question 37

How do consumers get energy?

Answer 37

They ingest organisms and digest them to release ATP during cellular respiration

Question 38

Herbivores

Answer 38

Eat vegetation

Question 39

Carnivores

Answer 39

Eat meat

Question 40

Omnivores

Answer 40

Eat meat and vegatation

Question 41

Detritivores (decomposers)

Answer 41

Eat dead materials

Question 42

Food chains

Answer 42

Trace energy flow and show trophic levels

Question 43

Trophic levels

Answer 43

Levels of nourishment in a food chain 1 = producer, 4 = tertiary consumer

Question 44

Food webs

Answer 44

Show multiple food chains and how they connect

Question 45

Rule of 10

Answer 45

Only 10% of energy from the previous level is passed on

Question 46

Where does most energy obtained go?

Answer 46

90% of energy is used for metabolism or released as heat