energy conservation domestic/transport/industrial

Question 1

Transport
things to conserve energy when transporting goods

Answer 1

1.bulk transport
2.vehicles sent back to a place to make sure the vehicle is not empty when sent back
3.making sure returned journeys are utilised

Question 2

Transport
things to conserve energy when transporting passengers

Answer 2

1.bulk transport
2.large loads of people reducing vehicle numbers
e.g buses filled with people

Question 3

Transport
how does air resistance conserve energy?

Answer 3

1.make a vehicle s’more streamline by improving its aerodynamics
2.reducing resistance
3.reducing friction
4.reducing drag
5.making airflow more smooth

Question 4

Transport
how does air regeneration conserve energy?

Answer 4

1.convert kinetic energy (from wheels) into energy that can be used in the cars system (battery)

Question 5

Transport
how can a vehicles mass conserve energy?

Answer 5

1.reducing mass or a vehicle means less energy required to proper the vehicle
2.e.g using a high density battery that is smaller in size
-replacing parts of the vehicle that doesn’t require high strength with plastic
-using less dense materials that are high in strength but low in weight. (aluminium)
-less wiring

Question 6

Transport
how does the wheel design on a vehicle conserve energy?

Answer 6

1.solid wheels are more efficient than pneumatic tyres
2.less friction on train wheels than car wheels

e.g wheels on trains and trams

Question 7

Transport
how does fuel combustion ways conserve energy?

Answer 7

1.turbo charges are used to give vehicles engines extra o2
2.increasing the valves per cylinder
3.ensuring waste gases are removed to make more room for o2
4.decreasing the temperature of the engine fans
5.reducing combusting of fossil fuels

Question 8

Transport
how does driving at optimum speed conserve energy?

Answer 8

1.keeping at the cars optimum speed usually 56mph
2.covering most distance with least fuel
3.increasing fuel efficiency

Question 9

Transport
how does the end of life design conserve energy?

Answer 9

1.designing a product so can clearly see what each part is made of
2.make sure you can easily dismantle it
3.so can reuse or recycle it

Question 10

Transport
how does embodied energy effect energy conservation?

Answer 10

1.embodied energy is how much energy is required to create a product
2.reducing embodied energy increase recycling

Question 11

Transport
how does air infrastructure and traffic management conserve energy?

Answer 11

1. traffic management includes variable speed limits
2. e.g multi directional, signalled lanes can switch direction depending on rush hour

Question 12

Industrial
How does heat recover conserve energy?

Answer 12

1.heat that may have been lost can be recovered by using a heat exchanger
2.channel hot waste gas/liquid through a long thing pipe (increasing SA)
3.in the heat exchanger the pipe is surrounded by water/oil
4.this heat transfers from the waste fluid to another liquid
5.which is used in space heating

Question 13

Industrial
How does insulation conserve energy?

Answer 13

1.insulation materials in factory’s must have a low thermal conductivity
2.ensuring heat energy struggles to move through a substance
e.g hay, polystyrene, fibreglass, cotton wool

Question 14

Industrial
How does high volume storage conserve energy?

Answer 14

1.the smaller the container is the bigger the SA to volume ratio
2.the simpler the shape the bigger the SA to volume ratio
3.one big container is more efficient than many small ones
4.most efficient shape is a sphere however a cylinder is usually used

Question 15

Industrial
How does combine heat and power (CHPs) conserve energy?

Answer 15

1.power stationsburn fossil fuels and produce heat to boil water, produce steam which is used to produce electricity
2.combining heat and power plants use a heat exchanger to capture waste heat which can be used in space heating

Question 16

Industrial
How does integrated manufacturing conserve energy?

Answer 16

1.trying to manufacture all materials in one place
2.eddying energy required for heating and cooling of material and transport costs
3.by having all manufacturing sites lose to one another

Question 17

Industrial
How does recycling conserve energy?

Answer 17

1.less embodied energy in a product
2.taking raw material from ground uses more energy than recycled material
3.recycled materials can use a 20th of the energy used to make a brand new aluminium can

Question 18

Industrial
How does heat peak shaving management conserve energy?

Answer 18

1.finds ways of storing excess energy in times of surplus for later times of high demand
2.e.g power to gas systems

Question 19

Industrial
How does high voltage grid systems management conserve energy?

Answer 19

1.increasing the voltage decreases the resistance
2.electricity transfers faster
3.reducing heat loss due to less friction

Question 20

Industrial
How does IT management conserve energy?

Answer 20

1.oversized areas can see times of demand/surplus
2.lots of data and historical times it demand can predict what demands may be in the future

Question 21

Industrial
How does location of generation management conserve energy?

Answer 21

1.move high manufacturing places to places where electricity is generated
2.e.g off shore wind farms

Question 22

Domestic
How does the orientation of a building conserve energy?

Answer 22

1.having buildings that face the sun for the longest time
2.south facing houses
3.increase a buildings temperature/warmth

Question 23

Domestic
How does the shape and surface area of a building conserve energy?

Answer 23

1.rectangular (elongated wall)
2.black and roughy to keep warm
3.white and shining for keeping cool

Question 24

Domestic
How do high thermal mass materials help buildings to conserve energy?

Answer 24

1.concrete
2.clay
materials that hood onto energy

Question 25

Domestic
Materials with high embodied energy

Answer 25

1.concrete
2.steel
3.brick
4.glass
5.cement
6.carbon fibre
7.metal

Question 26

Domestic
Materials with low embodied energy

Answer 26

1.wood (soft wood)
2.cotton
3.hay

Question 27

Domestic
describe earth sheltered buildings

Answer 27

1.3 sides are surrounded/insulated by soil
2.soil vegetated across the roof
3.insulated using natural materials
4.decreasing demand of energy for heating

Question 28

Domestic
factors affecting heat loss from buildings

Answer 28

1.number and size of windows
2.colour/texture of exterior building
3.temperature differential
4.materials used for windows (double/triple glazing)
5.insulation (type of)
6.building material (if good or poor conductor)
7.aspect (south facing?)
8. SA:V ratio (decrease in SA will have a decrease in heat loss)

Question 29

Domestic
methods of reducing heat loss and materials used

Answer 29

1.insulation
2.double/triple glazing
3.cavity wall insulation
4.draft excluders

Question 30

Domestic
new and improved insulting materials

Answer 30

1.fibreglass
2.cellulose
3.mineral wool
4.polystyrene
5.curtains

Question 31

Domestic
different gases in window cavities

Answer 31

1.air
2.vacuum (good as no heat can travel, however can implode if a big window)
3.argon
4.xenon
5.krypton

Question 32

Domestic
what does a U value tell us?

Answer 32

1.the higher the U value is the greater the heat loss

Question 33

Domestic
what is a low-e glass?

Answer 33

1.glass that has a surface coating that stops long wavelength infrared from escaping

Question 34

Domestic
what factors affect the choice of a window?

Answer 34

1.cost of insulation
2.size of window
(bigger the windows means you can’t vacuum inside the panes as it might implode)
3.cost too high for benefit