Energy/Cell Respiration

Question 1

Free energy

Answer 1

amount of energy available to do work

Question 2

Chemical Potential Energy

Answer 2

Function of electron configuration and position

Question 3

Electron potential energy based on

Answer 3

• Position relative to +/- charges
• Closer to neg. = higher PE

Question 4

exergonic

Answer 4

spontaneous, releases energy

Question 5

endergonic

Answer 5

not spontaneous, absorbs energy

Question 6

Energetic coupling

Answer 6

• allow chem energy released from one reaction to drive another
• Transfer of high energy electrons or a phosphate group

Question 7

Phosphorylation

Answer 7

addition of phosphate group to a substrate

Question 8

Cellular respiration

Answer 8

exergonic process that transfers energy from bonds in glucose to form ATP

Question 9

Cellular respiration 3 steps

Answer 9

1. Glycolysis
2. Pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle
3. electron transport and chemiosmosis(oxidative phosphorylation)

Question 10

Glycolosis

Answer 10

• Occurs in the cytosol
• Begins cellular respiration
• breaks down glucose into two molecules of three-carbon compound pyruvate
• Ancient: occurs in cytoplasm and doesn’t need co2

Question 11

Glycolysis simplified

Answer 11

Question 12

ATP formed in glycolosis by

Answer 12

substrate level phosphorylation

Question 13

substrate-level phosphorylation

Answer 13

enzyme transfrers a phosohate group from substrate to ADP and forms ATP

Question 14

Pyruvate Oxidation and the citric acid cycle

Answer 14

• Takes place in the mitochondria
• Oxidizes pyruvate (3C) to a two-carbon compound
• supplies third stage with e-

Question 15

Pyruvate oxidation

Answer 15

• Carboxyl group removed as CO₂
• C compound oxidized and NAD+ reduced to NADH
• Coenzyme A binds with 2 C molecule

Question 16

Citric Acid Cycle

Answer 16

• process 2 acetyl coA for each initial glucose
• after 2 turns:
  
  • 2 Co2
  • 2ATP
  • 6NADH
  • 2FADH₂

Question 18

Oxadative Phosphorylation

Answer 18

• ETC and chemiosmosis combined

Question 19

ETC

Answer 19

• NADH oxidized
• FADH₂ oxidized
• 2H⁺+1/2H₂O made into water
• Pumps H⁺ ions to intermembrane space to power atp synthase

Question 20

ATP Synthase

Answer 20

enzyme that turns ADP into ATP

Question 21

Chemiosmosis

Answer 21

• The movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient.
• Force from gradient spins shaft in F1 unit-change conformation of F1 in a way that catalyzes phosphorylation of ADP to ATP

Question 22

Anerobic e- acceptors

Answer 22

NO₃^-

SO₄^2-

Question 23

Fermentation

Answer 23

• Harvest chemical E without O2
• Glycolysis
• 2nd step recycle NAD+
• Occurs in cytoplasm