Energy- Budget Flashcards
What does the energy budget encompass?
All energy entering and all leaving in the form of radiation
What determines energy input/output?
Incoming shortwave solar radiation against outgoing radiation composed of reflected solar radiation and outgoing themal radiation.
What causes variability in Energy Budget balance?
Anthropogenic forcing altering internal climate variability.
Sensible Heat
Shifting of temperature without phase change.
Latent Heat
The heat that has to be given to a unit mass of a material to convert it from solid to liquid without change in temperature.
Ground Heat Flux
Loss of energy by heat conduction through lower boundary.
What is heat conduction?
Heat transfer through physical contact.
Examples of heat conduction?
Sunlight heats ground and heating of ait by conduction
What is heat conduction also known as?
Fouriers law.
What is an example of Fouriers law?
Hot drink heat conduction through wall of mug.
What is an example of an object that modulates energy flux?
Clouds
What are aerosl cloud interactions?
Where aerosols act as Cloud Condensation Nuclei
Cloud Condensation Nuclei
Particles smaller than cloud droplets of which water vapour condenses.
What does water vapor required for gas-liquid condensation?
A surface for transition.
Why does water vapour need a surface for cloud formation?
Small spherical water vapour droplets evaporate quicker, because of curvature effect,
Curvature Effect
The greater the curvature, the greater the chance that the surface water molecules can escape.
Why do larger droplets evaporate less?
Large volme to surface air ratio?
Without CCN what temperature does water vapor supercooling occur?
-13 degrees before droplet formation.
Marine Cloud Brighteneing
A technique used to promote cloud brightening to reflect more incoming sunlight.
Cloud Chambers
A particle detector used for visualizing ionizing radiation passage.
How much less solar radiation is reflected without clouds?
47 W m^2
Why is TOA energy budget more easily measured?
Direct sattelite measuring.
What is TOA atmosphere tracked by?
CERES sattelite
What is the main influence of TOA atmosphere?
EN/LN oscillations
El Nino Southern Oscilliations
Ocean surface warming part of a recurring climate pattern in central/eastern pacific ocean.
Global Energy Inventory
The energy gain of the climate system associated with global ocean heat uptake, atmospheric warming, land warming and ice melting.
What is the main inducer of inventory changes?
Ocean heat content
Why is GSAT an unreliable measurement for interannual-to-decadal time scales?
Influence by unforced variations like ENSO
What measurements are preffered over GSAT?
Earth energy balance.
What is inventory change subject to?
Earth Energy Imbalance
Earth Energy Imbalance
The principle of understanding heat distribution to oceans and lands etc, by how much increased solar radiation affects climate
How is the heat inventory dispersed across oceans?
89% in the oceans, 52% in upper 700, 28% for 700-2000 and 9% below 2000
How is heat inventory dispersed across terrestial lands?
6% by land, 4% for melting of ice, 1% for atmospheric warming.
What is EEI referred to when it is zero?
Quasi-equilibrium of the Earth System
Quasistatic Process
A thermodynamic process happening slowly enough for the system to remain in internal physical, but not necessarily chemical equilibrium.
To reduce EEI, how much CO2 ppm would have to be reduced?
From 410 to 353 to increase heat radiation by 9.87 W
How much money to reduce PPM by 50?
20 trillion dollars.
Why is EEI metric important?
Determines how well we are controlling climate
What was EEI during 2010-2018
9.87+-.12 Wm^-2
What is thermal expansion?
Rise of sea level due to increased temperature, about 1 third of sea level rising.
How is sea-level measured?
Argo float deployments.
Why is atmopsheric heat content considered?
Where humans live, changes thus effect society.
Effective Radiative Forcing
Measures energy imbalance after allowing atmospheric temperatures, water vapour and clouds to adjust to forcing agents whilst keeping surface temperatures unchanged.
What does ERF quanitfy?
Energy lost by Earth when perturbed by GHG, isolate seperate GHG effects from one another.
