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LEED GA > Energy & Atmosphere > Flashcards

Energy & Atmosphere Flashcards

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1
Q

How many total points can be earned max for the Energy & Atmosphere category?

A

33

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2
Q

How many prerequisites does the Energy & Atmosphere category have?

A

4 -

  • Fundamental commissioning and verification
  • Minimum energy performance
  • Build level energy metering
  • Fundamental refrigerant management
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3
Q

What are the credit categorizes for Energy & Atmosphere?

A
  • enhanced commissioning ✍🏻
  • optimize energy performance 🏃‍♀️💨
  • advanced energy metering 🎛
  • demand response 💡
  • renewable energy production ☀️
  • enhanced refrigerant management ❄️
  • green power & carbon offsets ♻️
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4
Q

What is the biggest contributing factor to global warming?

A

Burning fossil fuels

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5
Q

According to the study of New Buildings Institute, LEED projects use __% less energy than regular buildings

A

24%

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6
Q

What is the energy star portfolio manager?

A

An interactive online management tool that enables the tracking and assessment of energy and water consumption

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7
Q

What is the energy star target finder?

A

Allows projects to set target goals for a building’s energy demands

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8
Q

With _______, projects cannot compare their design performance with the actual energy usage, as they can do this with _____.

A

Energy star Target finder;

Energy star Portfolio manager

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9
Q

What are some strategies that can help reduce energy demand of buildings?

A 
Building orientation
Community planning
Adjacent buildings
Passive strategies
Efficient insulation 
Educating occupants
3D computer modeling
Conducting energy audits
Rightsizing
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10
Q

What has the biggest effect on energy demand?

A

Building orientation

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11
Q

By maximizing a building’s ____ exposure to the sun, buildings can have increased daylight & passive solar heating

A

Southern

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12
Q

How can an energy audit help reduce energy demand?

A

Highlight building systems that aren’t operating efficiently

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13
Q

Who was Home Energy Saver developed by?

A

US department of energy

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14
Q

What is Home Energy Saver used for?

A

DIY energy audit

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15
Q

In the LEED for Homes rating system, points are adjusted in all the categories according to the sq footage of the home, which is called ______

A

Home size adjustment (HSA)

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16
Q

Where are refrigerants mostly used?

A

AC & refrigeration systems

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17
Q

What/who banned the production of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) refrigerants & is also phasing out hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) refrigerants?

A

1987 Montreal protocol

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18
Q

How are CFCs and HCFCs measured?

A

Their ozone depletion potential (ODP) & global warming potential (GWP)

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19
Q

BD+C projects aiming for LEED certification cannot use ____ & existing buildings should complete a ____ prior to project completion

A

CFC refrigerants;

CFC phase out (clear completely)

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20
Q

What are the natural refrigerants?

A 
Carbon dioxide
Water
Ammonia
Air
Hydrocarbons (propane, ethane, butane)
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21
Q

Cooling a building with a natural refrigerant results in ___ energy consumption than with an HCFC refrigerant

A

More

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22
Q

In 2005, the US department of energy estimated that 40% of the energy used to heat & cool the average building was lost to what?

A

Air leaks in building envelopes

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23
Q

What can building envelope problems lead to?

A 
High operating costs
Uneven building temperatures
Poor indoor air quality
Building deterioration
Noise
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24
Q

In the US, HVACS account for __% of the energy used in commercial buildings & nearly __% of energy used in residential buildings

A

30%;

50%

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25
Q

Increasing the ____ of a building is a strategy for downsizing HVAC equipment

A

Thermal mass

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26
Q

What is thermal mass?

A

The ability of a material to absorb and store energy

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27
Q

What materials can be used for the building envelope to reduce energy usage from HVAC systems? Why?

A

Thicker brick or similar exterior building layers;

They absorb & store heat during the day while keeping the inside temp the same

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28
Q

What is an energy saving strategy used that also provides fresh air to building occupants?

A

Natural ventilation

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29
Q

Why do filters need to be checked regularly for dust and debris in mechanically ventilated buildings?

A

HVAC equipment uses more energy to move through ducts when filters are dirty

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30
Q

What is efficiencies of scale?

A

Buildings share one HVAC system

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31
Q

Why is lighting considered the biggest contributor to a building’s energy use in some buildings?

A

Energy is used to power lights & to offset cooling from heat put off by lighting

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32
Q

What kind of lights consume more energy and release more heat than other lights?

A

Incandescent lights

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33
Q

What kinds of lights can produce more light with less electricity?

A

Compact fluorescents
High intensity discharge lamps
LEDs

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34
Q

What kind of lighting controls can be controlled by individual users & cut lighting costs?

A

Photosensors
Timers
Occupancy sensors
Advanced lighting controls

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35
Q

What is recommissioning?

A

Re-commissioning occurs when a building was previously commissioned. This maybe a scheduled re-commissioning as part of an ongoing commissioning process or it may be triggered by facility use change, operational problems, or an addition or renovation that impacts major systems

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36
Q

Computer based monitoring system that can monitor, coordinate & control every individual building system, helps reduce energy usage by identifying faulty systems or equipment or can track the energy use of all individual items

A

Building Automation System (BAS)

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37
Q

What kinds of renewable energy are there?

A 
Solar
Wind
Wave
Biomass 
Geothermal
Hydropower
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38
Q

What are some nonrenewable fuels?

A

Coal
Nuclear power
Oil
Natural gas

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39
Q

Off-site renewable energy

A

“Green power”

Purchased power at a premium price per kilowatt-hour from utility or a provider of renewable energy certificates (RECs)

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40
Q

How is off-site renewable energy purchased? (Measurement)

A

Kilowatt-hour

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41
Q

When a utility company doesn’t sell green power, a project team can pay an extra fee (called ____ ) to the local utility company to buy a set of green power instead of buying electricity produced by nonrenewable energy sources

A

Green pricing

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42
Q

Lead certification program for power generation in the US. LEED requires this certification to earn the EA credit.

A

Green-e

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43
Q

A reduction in carbon dioxide made in order to compensate or offset an equivalent carbon dioxide emission made elsewhere

A

Carbon offsets

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44
Q

Carbon neutrality

A

To emit no more carbon emissions than can realistically be offset

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45
Q

For a carbon offset to qualify in LEED, it needs to be ____

A

Green-e certified

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46
Q

Active solar power

A

Solar power that converts sunlight into light, heat or electricity

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47
Q

_____ can convert solar energy to electricity

A

PV panels

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48
Q

What uses solar energy for heating air or water that can then be used in the underfloor heating or AC for buildings - or even to heat a swimming pool?

A

Solar thermal collectors

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49
Q

Passive solar

A

A system that both collects the sunlight using static and non moving items such as windows, glass doors, some skylights, light tubes & light sleeves

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50
Q

What is a geothermal heat pump?

A

“Geoexchange” or “ground source heat pump”

Central heating &/or cooling systems that transfer heat to or from the ground

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51
Q

Where is geothermal power available?

A

Areas with volcanic activity closer to the earth’s surface, typ 20 ft under ground

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52
Q

What do geothermal pipes do?

A

Use earth’s heat in the winter
Transfer building heat to earth in summer

Don’t need cooking towers, chillers or boilers

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53
Q

Wind energy

A

Converting energy of wind to electricity

Ex: wind turbines

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54
Q

Hydro energy

A

Uses the downward running water from lakes or streams to convert water flow energy into electricity

Requires building a hydroelectric dam

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55
Q

Biofuel electrical system

A

Create electricity from biofuels

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56
Q

What are typical biofuels?

A 
Untreated wood waste 
Landfill gas
Agricultural crops or waste
Animal waste
Other types organic waste
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57
Q

Wave power

A

Converting energy of waves to electricity

Ex: Wave energy converters

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58
Q

Tidal power

A

Hydropower that converts energy of tides into electricity

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59
Q

What is building commissioning?

A

Systematic investigation by skilled personnel that compares building performance with the project goals, design specs & owners requirements

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60
Q

____ is one of the most cost effective solutions for improving building performance & in cutting down operating costs

A

Commissioning

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61
Q

Retrocommissioning is basically the same process as commissioning applied to _____

A

Existing buildings

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62
Q

By the end of the design development phase, the qualified commissioning authority (CxA) will put together a commissioning Cx plan & final Cx report. They should report directly to who?

A

Owner

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63
Q

A Cx plan will contain what?

A 
Goals & objectives
Systems to be commissioned
Team member roles/responsibilities 
OPR reviews
BOD reviews
Development of functional tests
Verification of system performance
Reporting deficiencies
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64
Q

To assist the building operations phase, the CxA will prepare what?

A

Current facilities requirements (CFR) & O&M plan that will contain all info to operate the building efficiently

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65
Q

What are the elements included in the CxA O&M plan?

A 
Equipment run time schedules
Building occupancy schedules
Lighting levels
Minimum outside air requirements
Sequences of operations
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66
Q

Which ASHRAE guidelines are used for commissioning?

A

ASHRAE 0-2005 & ASHRAE 1.1-2007 (HVAC&R)

67
Q

In the fundamental commissioning, the CxA can be what?

A
  • Independent consultant
  • Owner’s employee
  • Disinterested subcontractor
  • Employee of design/construction team who isn’t part of the project if > 20,000 sq ft
68
Q

The qualified CxA should have completed commissioning for at least ___ similar projects from the early design phase to the minimum 10 months of occupancy

A

2

69
Q

What guidelines provide additional guidance on building envelope commissioning?

A

NIBS 3-2012 for exterior enclosures

70
Q

For the building envelope, the requirements are limited to review of what?

A

OPR, BOD & project design

71
Q

What % reduction in energy costs is required for the minimum energy performance EA pre req - if the project team chooses to perform a whole building energy simulation?

A

5%

72
Q

ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2010 appendix G with errata deals with what?

A

Entire building energy simulation

73
Q

In option 2 of the minimum energy performance pre req- instead of performing a whole building simulation & establishing 5% reduction - teams can choose to achieve prescriptive compliance to what?

A

ASHRAE 50% advanced energy design guide

74
Q

In addition to ASHRAE standard 90.1-2010 with errata, projects trying to achieve the minimum energy performance pre req can choose option 3, which uses what guide?

A

Advanced building core performance guide

75
Q

When doing a whole building simulation, the calculations should take into account what 2 things?

A 
Process energy (unregulated energy)
& non process energy (regulated energy)
76
Q

What are some examples of process energy or unregulated energy?

A 
(Connected to a plug)
Computers
Office equipment
Kitchen stoves
Kitchen refrigerators
Cooking & food prep equip.
Washers & dryers
Elevators & escalators
77
Q

What is a plug load?

A

Receptacle load

Represent electrical use by all equipment connected to the electrical system via outlet

78
Q

What are some examples of non process or regulated energy?

A

(condition spaces & maintain comfort & amenities for building occupants)

HVAC
Interior & exterior lighting 
Hot water heating
Toilet exhaust
Parking garage ventilation
79
Q

With the consumption of process energy in the building, ____ loads occur; with the consumption of nonprocess energy, ____ loads occur

A

Building process loads

Building nonprocess loads

80
Q

What guidelines can be used to implement measures for reducing unregulated loads?

A

COMNET modeling guidelines & procedures

81
Q

To be able to pursue option 3 of the minimum energy performance pre req, using the advanced buildings core performance guide, the project should be less than _____ sq ft

A

100,000

82
Q

In option 3 of the minimum energy performance pre req, energy performance target should be established using ____, and a minimum score of 90 should be achieved

A

Energy star’s target finder

83
Q

In order to pursue the max # of points in the optimize energy performance credit, the project team will need to choose option 1 because it contains the most points (___)

A

18

84
Q

Installing new or using existing building level energy meters/submeters can provide data on total building energy consumption from various sources such as what?

A 
Electricity ⚡️
Natural gas 🗿🪨
Chilled water🧊
Steam 😤
Fuel oil ⛽️
Propane 🍔
Biomass 💩
85
Q

The total building energy consumption & electrical demand data should be shared with USGBC at a minimum of ____ intervals for __ years or until the building changes ownership or lessee, & starting from the LEED cert date

A

One month;

5 years

86
Q

What are 2 reasons USGBC collects water data usage?

A

Identify common traits amount high & low performers

Share findings with project teams to improve performance

87
Q

What is the primary cause of ozone depletion?

A

CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons)

88
Q

If a project is reusing an existing HVAC&R system, the project team should complete what before project completion?

A

CFC phase out conversion

89
Q

What are halons?

A

Chemicals used in fire suppression systems

90
Q

Existing HVAC&R or other equipment - such as standard refrigerators & small water cooler units containing less than ___ lb of refrigerant - are exempt from LEED requirements

A

0.5 lb

91
Q

CFC production was phased out before ____ in the countries that signed the 1987 Montreal protocol. Before _____,CFC production was phased out in most of the other countries

A

1995;

2010

92
Q

Monitor-Based Commissioning (MBCx)

A

The process of utilizing a software that will monitor real time data from the building automation system and building meters

93
Q

Building Envelope Commissioning (BECx)

A

A process that ensures the building envelope is tested and verified to achieve the target building performance with respect to energy, water, indoor environmental quality & durability

94
Q

___ increases the occupants’ comfort levels through infiltration testing, reduced solar heat gain & glare control

A

Building envelope commissioning

95
Q

Building envelope commissioning should start in which phase?

A

Design phase

96
Q

A qualified CxA should have completed commissioning for at least two similar projects from the early design phase to the minimum ____ months of occupancy

A

10 months

97
Q

ASHRAE guideline 0-2005 deals with what?

A

Commissioning essentials

98
Q

ASHRAE guideline 1.1-2007 deals with what?

A

HVAC&R technical requirements for commissioning

99
Q

ASHRAE 90.1 deals with what?

A

Energy standards for buildings, also used to identify project’s climate zone

100
Q

Who develops lighting specifications?

A

Illuminating engineering society of North America (IESNA)

101
Q

What is National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) Guideline 3-2012, Exterior Technical Requirements for the Cx process used for?

A

Envelope commissioning

102
Q

What is the US department of energy’s commercial buildings energy consumption survey (CBECS)?

A

Database used to eliminate a building’s total energy cost

103
Q

Reviewing the building operations 10 months after project completion is called what?

A

Post construction verification

104
Q

What steps does the CxA take in the enhanced commissioning process?

A
  • review contractor submittals
  • verify operator and occupant trainings’ delivery and effectiveness
  • conduct a post construction verification 10 months after project completion
  • develop ongoing commissioning plan
105
Q

What credit contains the most points in the EA category?

A

Optimize energy performance (1-18)

106
Q

Projects will be awarded points under the optimize energy performance credit according to their % of annual energy cost savings. Projects that make a reduction of 6% will get __ point & projects that make a reduction of 50% will get ___ points.

A

1 point;

18 points

107
Q

Percentage of energy improvement is calculated by using ________ not energy use

A

Energy cost savings

108
Q

In LEED, any individual energy end uses that consume __% or more of the total consumption of the building should be tracked SEPARATELY for advanced energy metering

A

10%

109
Q

What is demand response?

A

Intensional reduction in the electricity usage in response to a demand response event or changes in the price of electricity

110
Q

Demand response event/curtailment event

A

The period the utility company asks for a reduction in electricity usage from its program participants

111
Q

To promote participation in demand response technologies and programs that enable more efficient energy generation & distraction systems, what 2 things should be done?

A

Reduce green house gases

Increase grid availability

112
Q

Project teams need to design the building and equipment to allow participation in demand response programs through what?

A

Load shedding or shifting

113
Q

What happens if a demand response program is not available in a project’s location?

A

Projects can still provide infrastructure for future demand response programs to earn the credit

114
Q

What is load shedding?

A

Intentional action by the power utility to reduce the load in the power system in order to prevent a total failure of the system

115
Q

What is load shifting?

A

Storing the energy generated during off-peak hours to use it during peak-demand hours

116
Q

In the renewable energy production credit, projects can still earn the credit as long as what?

A

Renewable energy provider sells green power in the same utility service area

117
Q

What is the formula for how the percentage of renewable energy can be calculated?

A

% renewable energy =
equivalent cost of usable energy produced by the renewable energy system
————————————————-
Total building energy cost

118
Q

If the project owns a system for at least 10 years & is located within the same utility service area, what other 2 things are allowed?

A

Solar garden, renewable energy systems

119
Q

To earn the enhanced refrigerant management credit, what two things must be achieved?

A

Use no refrigerants
Or
Only use refrigerants with zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) & global warming potential (GWP) of less than 50

120
Q

In LEED, enhanced refrigerant management addresses what 2 factors?

A

ODP & GWP

121
Q

What are the common building applications for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)?

A

Chillers, refrigerators, humidifiers

122
Q

What are the common building applications for hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)?

A

Air conditioning, CFC-11 replacement

123
Q

What is the replacement for HCFC-123?

A

CFC-11

124
Q

What are the common building applications of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)

A

Ultra low & low temp refrigeration
Insulation agent
AC

125
Q

What is a replacement for CFC-12 or HCFC-22?

A

HFC-134a

126
Q

What is the replacement for HFC-22?

A

HFC-407c

127
Q

Natural refrigerants have ____ ozone depletion & HFC’s ozone depletion potentials are very close to ____

A

0;

0

128
Q

In order to get the green power & carbon offsets credit, the project must engage in a contract for a minimum of how many years?

A

5

129
Q

A green power/carbon offset contract should specify the provision of at least ___% or ___% of the project’s energy from green power, carbon offsets or renewable energy certificates

A

50%,

100%

130
Q

Carbon offsets may be used to mitigate what scope(s) emissions on a metric ton of carbon dioxide equivalent basis?

A

Scope 1 or 2

131
Q

ReNewable energy certificates (RECs) can only be used to mitigate the effects of scope ___, electricity use

A

Scope 2

132
Q

For projects in the US, carbon offsets must be from what?

A

Green house gas emission reduction projects within the US

133
Q

Define carbon offset

A

Reduction of CO2 made in order to compensate or offset an equivalent CO2 emission made elsewhere

134
Q

In LEED, the US department of energy’s commercial buildings energy consumption survey is always used to estimate what if the project teams did not choose to create a building energy model?

A

Energy use/cost

135
Q

What is the most environmentally friendly refrigerant?

A

HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons)

136
Q

ASHRAE 0-2005 - what is it a pre req & credit for?

A

Pre req - fundamental commissioning & verification

Credit - enhanced commissioning

137
Q

ASHRAE 1.1-2007 - pre req & credit for what categories?

A

Pre req - fundamental commissioning & verification

Credit - enhanced commissioning

138
Q

ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2010, Appendix G with errata is a pre req for what category?

A

Minimum energy performance

139
Q

ASHRAE advanced energy design guide is a pre req & credit for what categories?

A

Pre req - minimum energy performance

Credit - optimize energy performance

140
Q

ASHRAE 62.1-2010 - pre req for what category?

A

Minimum air quality performance

141
Q

ASHRAE 52.2-2007 - credit for what category?

A

Enhanced indoor air quality strategies

142
Q

ASHRAE 55-2010 - credit for what category?

A

Thermal comfort

143
Q

2011 ASHRAE handbook - credit for what category?

A

Acoustic performance

144
Q

What does the 2011 ASHRAE handbook relate to?

A

HVAC applications & HVAC background noise

145
Q

What is the Green-e Climate program used for?

A

Carbon offset certification program

146
Q

What does NIBS stand for?

A

National institute of building sciences

147
Q

NIBS Guideline 3-2012, exterior enclosure technical requirements for the CX process is used for what?

A

Envelope commissioning

148
Q

What does CBECS stand for?

A

Commercial buildings energy consumption survey

149
Q

What does the US Department of Energy’s CBECS database do?

A

Estimate a buildings total energy cost

150
Q

What is a district energy system (DES)?

A

Central energy conversion plant that provides thermal energy, shared by a group of buildings

151
Q

Define energy use intensity (EUI)

A

Measurement unit that describes the building’s energy use relative to its size

152
Q

What is radon?

A

A radioactive gas that is naturally found in soil, rocks, water bodies that is harmful to human health

153
Q

Define scope 1 energy

A

direct energy from owned or controlled sources

154
Q

Define scope 2 energy

A

Purchased energy

155
Q

Define scope 3 energy

A

Energy that is not directly owned or controlled

156
Q

For energy star, a score of __ is average building performance, a score of __ is required to become energy star certified

A

50;

75

157
Q

According to the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, commissioning of existing buildings has what average cost per square ft?

A

27¢

158
Q

What is the average ENERGY STAR portfolio manager rating that LEED certified buildings usually receive?

A

68

159
Q

Which two standards should LEED project teams consult first when conducting an LCA?

A

ISO 14040 & 14044

160
Q

What does ASHRAE 189.1 do?

A

Alternative compliance path for energy performance

161
Q

What standard is used in LEED to measure the actual energy performance of buildings?

A

ENERGY STAR

162
Q

Is ENERGY STAR building performance rating a pre req to achieve credits under energy & atmosphere?

A

Yes, for eligible projects seeking O+M: existing buildings

163
Q

Performance rating method & energy cost budget method are analysis procedures based on which standard?

A

ASHRAE 90.1

164
Q

What are the 3 low impact refrigerants?

A

HCFCs, HFCs & natural refrigerants

LEED GA (12 decks)

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