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Physics > Energy and Electricity > Flashcards

Energy and Electricity Flashcards

1
Q

Specific heat capacity

A

the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass through a unit temperature rise

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2
Q

latent heat

A

the energy released/ absorbed by an object during a change of state (constant-temperature)

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3
Q

latent heat of fusion

A

energy required to melt 1kg of solid to liquid without changing the temperature

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4
Q

latent heat of vaporisation

A

energy required to boil 1kg of liquid to gas without changing the temperature

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5
Q

conservation of energy

A

Ep=Ek

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6
Q

speed depends on

A

height, gravitational field strength, air resistance

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7
Q

pressure

A

force per unit area

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8
Q

high pressure items

A

stiletto heels, sharp knife

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9
Q

low pressure items

A

skis, tractor wheels

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10
Q

Boyles law

A

p1v12 =p2v2

pressure is inversely proportional to volume

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11
Q

Gay Lussac law

A

P1/T1=P2/T2

pressure is directly proportional to temperature (MUST BE IN KELVIN)

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12
Q

How to convert into kelvin

A

0 degrees= -273K

0K= 273degrees

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13
Q

Charles law

A

V1/T1=V2/T2

Volume is directly proportional to kelvin temperature

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14
Q

0K is called

A

absolute zero because its such a low temperature that atoms and molecules have their lowest energy and they can’t move

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15
Q

combined gas law

A

P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

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16
Q

kinetic model (pressure and temperature)

A

high temp= atoms have more kinetic energy and speed. atoms collide more with each other and walls of container and exert a force on the wall so exert a pressure therefore pressure increases

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17
Q

kinetic model (pressure and volume)

A

low volume= atoms collide more with each other and walls of container due to small area. Exert a force on the wall so exert a pressure therefore pressure increases

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18
Q

kinetic model (volume and temperature)

A

high temp= atoms have more kinetic energy and speed. atoms collide more with each other and walls of container and exert a force on the wall so exert a pressure therefore volume of the container increases. push against walls (think of hot air balloon)

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19
Q

power

A

the rate of energy transfer

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20
Q

% efficiency calculation

A

Power output/ power input x 100%

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21
Q

Voltage is

A

energy transferred per coulomb of charge

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22
Q

Voltage in series

A

splits across components V1+V2=V3

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23
Q

Voltage in parallel

A

equal in all branches V1=V2=V3

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24
Q

Voltage =

A

energy/charge

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25
Q

Current is

A

rate of flow of charge

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26
Q

current in series

A

equal at all points I1=I2=I3

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27
Q

current in parallel

A

splits across all components I3=I1+I2

28
Q

Flow of what is current

A

electrons

29
Q

conductors

A

allow electricity to pass through them because of free delocalised electrons

30
Q

Insulators

A

Do not allow electricity to pass through them (non metals)

31
Q

variable resistor

A

controls the amount of current flowing through a circuit

32
Q

large resistance = ____ current

A

small

33
Q

Voltage is measured in

A

volts

34
Q

Charge is measured in

A

Coulombs (C)

35
Q

Current is measured in

A

Amperes (A)

36
Q

Electrons flow from

A

negative to positive

37
Q

The amount of energy the electrons have depends on the

A

voltage

38
Q

E=VQ and Q=IT so

A

E=VIT

39
Q

resistance

A

the opposition to the flow of current

40
Q

thin wire would have

A

high resistance

41
Q

thick wire would have

A

low resistance

42
Q

resistance is measured in

A

ohms

43
Q

How is an ohmmeter connected in a circuit

A

across components

44
Q

How is a voltmeter connected in a circuit

A

across components

45
Q

How is an ammeter connected in a circuit

A

in the loop

46
Q

resistance in series

A

splits across components R3=R2+R1

47
Q

resistance in parallel

A

the total resistance is smaller than the individual resistance
1/Rtotal= 1/R1+ 1/R2 + 1/R3

48
Q

Ohms law

A

Voltage across a fixed resistor is directly proportional to the current provided that the temperature is constant

49
Q

when does ohms law not work and why

A

in a bulb

Resistance increases when temperature goes up as collisions increase therefore the current goes down

50
Q

in a thermistor. resistance up…

A

temperature down

51
Q

in an LDR. resistance up…

A

light down

52
Q

LEDs only

A

conduct in one direction

53
Q

which way does an LED conduct in

A

when arrows point towards negative terminal

54
Q

Input devices

A

a component that transfers a form of energy into electrical energy eg thermistor

55
Q

Output devices

A

a component that transfers electrical energy into another form of energy eg buzzer

56
Q

capacitor

A

stores charge and are often used in time delay circuits

57
Q

the time taken for a capacitor to charge depends on

A

the capacitance of the capacitor and the resistance of the resistor. the larger they are, the longer it takes to charge

58
Q

process devices

A

electrical component that transforms the electrical energy from the input device into.a useable form and transmit it to the output device. eg NOT/AND/OR gates and transistors

59
Q

transistors

A

used as an electronic switch and needs 0.7 V to be able to conduct

60
Q

what are the three connections of a transistor

A

base, collector, emitter (with arrow)

61
Q

Fuse

A

protect the circuit from damage by blowing?melting at a certain current

62
Q

why would a 5A fuse not be good for a 10A circuit

A

the circuit would not work because it would be stopped too early

63
Q

why would a 10A fuse not be good for a 5A circuit

A

the circuit would be damaged because the fuse requires a very high current in order to melt so it would not melt and the circuit wouldn’t be protected

64
Q

types of resistor

A

fixed, variable, thermistor, LDR

65
Q

mains supply voltage

A

230V

Physics (4 decks)

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