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Physics > Energy and Electricity > Flashcards

Energy and Electricity Flashcards

1
Q

Specific heat capacity

A

the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass through a unit temperature rise

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2
Q

latent heat

A

the energy released/ absorbed by an object during a change of state (constant-temperature)

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3
Q

latent heat of fusion

A

energy required to melt 1kg of solid to liquid without changing the temperature

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4
Q

latent heat of vaporisation

A

energy required to boil 1kg of liquid to gas without changing the temperature

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5
Q

conservation of energy

A

Ep=Ek

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6
Q

speed depends on

A

height, gravitational field strength, air resistance

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7
Q

pressure

A

force per unit area

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8
Q

high pressure items

A

stiletto heels, sharp knife

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9
Q

low pressure items

A

skis, tractor wheels

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10
Q

Boyles law

A

p1v12 =p2v2

pressure is inversely proportional to volume

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11
Q

Gay Lussac law

A

P1/T1=P2/T2

pressure is directly proportional to temperature (MUST BE IN KELVIN)

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12
Q

How to convert into kelvin

A

0 degrees= -273K

0K= 273degrees

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13
Q

Charles law

A

V1/T1=V2/T2

Volume is directly proportional to kelvin temperature

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14
Q

0K is called

A

absolute zero because its such a low temperature that atoms and molecules have their lowest energy and they can’t move

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15
Q

combined gas law

A

P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

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16
Q

kinetic model (pressure and temperature)

A

high temp= atoms have more kinetic energy and speed. atoms collide more with each other and walls of container and exert a force on the wall so exert a pressure therefore pressure increases

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17
Q

kinetic model (pressure and volume)

A

low volume= atoms collide more with each other and walls of container due to small area. Exert a force on the wall so exert a pressure therefore pressure increases

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18
Q

kinetic model (volume and temperature)

A

high temp= atoms have more kinetic energy and speed. atoms collide more with each other and walls of container and exert a force on the wall so exert a pressure therefore volume of the container increases. push against walls (think of hot air balloon)

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19
Q

power

A

the rate of energy transfer

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20
Q

% efficiency calculation

A

Power output/ power input x 100%

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21
Q

Voltage is

A

energy transferred per coulomb of charge

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22
Q

Voltage in series

A

splits across components V1+V2=V3

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23
Q

Voltage in parallel

A

equal in all branches V1=V2=V3

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24
Q

Voltage =

A

energy/charge

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25
Current is
rate of flow of charge
26
current in series
equal at all points I1=I2=I3
27
current in parallel
splits across all components I3=I1+I2
28
Flow of what is current
electrons
29
conductors
allow electricity to pass through them because of free delocalised electrons
30
Insulators
Do not allow electricity to pass through them (non metals)
31
variable resistor
controls the amount of current flowing through a circuit
32
large resistance = ____ current
small
33
Voltage is measured in
volts
34
Charge is measured in
Coulombs (C)
35
Current is measured in
Amperes (A)
36
Electrons flow from
negative to positive
37
The amount of energy the electrons have depends on the
voltage
38
E=VQ and Q=IT so
E=VIT
39
resistance
the opposition to the flow of current
40
thin wire would have
high resistance
41
thick wire would have
low resistance
42
resistance is measured in
ohms
43
How is an ohmmeter connected in a circuit
across components
44
How is a voltmeter connected in a circuit
across components
45
How is an ammeter connected in a circuit
in the loop
46
resistance in series
splits across components R3=R2+R1
47
resistance in parallel
the total resistance is smaller than the individual resistance 1/Rtotal= 1/R1+ 1/R2 + 1/R3
48
Ohms law
Voltage across a fixed resistor is directly proportional to the current provided that the temperature is constant
49
when does ohms law not work and why
in a bulb | Resistance increases when temperature goes up as collisions increase therefore the current goes down
50
in a thermistor. resistance up...
temperature down
51
in an LDR. resistance up...
light down
52
LEDs only
conduct in one direction
53
which way does an LED conduct in
when arrows point towards negative terminal
54
Input devices
a component that transfers a form of energy into electrical energy eg thermistor
55
Output devices
a component that transfers electrical energy into another form of energy eg buzzer
56
capacitor
stores charge and are often used in time delay circuits
57
the time taken for a capacitor to charge depends on
the capacitance of the capacitor and the resistance of the resistor. the larger they are, the longer it takes to charge
58
process devices
electrical component that transforms the electrical energy from the input device into.a useable form and transmit it to the output device. eg NOT/AND/OR gates and transistors
59
transistors
used as an electronic switch and needs 0.7 V to be able to conduct
60
what are the three connections of a transistor
base, collector, emitter (with arrow)
61
Fuse
protect the circuit from damage by blowing?melting at a certain current
62
why would a 5A fuse not be good for a 10A circuit
the circuit would not work because it would be stopped too early
63
why would a 10A fuse not be good for a 5A circuit
the circuit would be damaged because the fuse requires a very high current in order to melt so it would not melt and the circuit wouldn't be protected
64
types of resistor
fixed, variable, thermistor, LDR
65
mains supply voltage
230V

Physics (4 decks)

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