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Physics > Dynamics and Space > Flashcards

Dynamics and Space Flashcards

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1
Q

vector or scalar?

distance

A

scalar

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2
Q

vector or scalar?

displacement

A

vector

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3
Q

vector or scalar?

speed

A

scalar

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4
Q

vector or scalar?

velocity

A

vector

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5
Q

vector or scalar?

time

A

scalar

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6
Q

vector or scalar?

force

A

vector

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7
Q

vector or scalar?

temperature

A

scalar

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8
Q

vector or scalar?

acceleration

A

vector

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9
Q

vector or scalar?

energy

A

scalar

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10
Q

vector or scalar?

weight

A

vector

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11
Q

vector or scalar?

power

A

scalar

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12
Q

vector or scalar?

gravitational field strength

A

vector

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13
Q

vector or scalar?

height

A

scalar

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14
Q

vector

A

quantity with a magnitude and a direction

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15
Q

scalar

A

quantity with a magnitude only (no direction)

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16
Q

distance (d)

A

path length of a journey measured in metres m

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17
Q

displacement (s)

A

straight line distance from start to the finish point measured in metres m

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18
Q

measuring resultant displacement

A

list
pythagoras
trigonometry (tan)

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19
Q

types of speed

A

average and instantaneous

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20
Q

speed is the measure of

A

time taken to travel a set distance

distance travelled in a set time period

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21
Q

instantaneous speed

A

measured over short distances and short periods of time

speed at any instant in time

example- speedometer of a car

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22
Q

average speed

A

measured over longer distances and longer periods of time

speed that would result in the same distance being traveled in the same time

example- the speed displayed on the TV screen at athletics events

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23
Q

velocity

A

rate of change in displacement over time
measured in ms-1

same direction as displacement. can be classed as instantaneous or average

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24
Q

acceleration

A

the rate of change in velocity over time

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25
Q

negetive acceleration

A

decceleration

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26
Q

acceleration can be measured by using

A

one light gate and a double mask
or
two light gates and a single mask

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27
Q

motion graphs

A

illustrate how an object moves over time

28
Q

main types of motion graphs

A 
distance-time
displacement-time
speed- time
velocity-time
acceleration-time
29
Q

information that can be obtained by a speed-time graph

A

instantaneous speed
acceleration
distance
average speed

30
Q

sentence MUST be said measuring distance/ displacement

A

distance/ displacement= area under soeed/velocity-time graph

31
Q

examples of forces

A 
push 
pull
weight
air resistance
thrust
friction
compression
upthrust
tension
water resistance
lift
32
Q

force

A

F

something which can change the shape, speed and or direction of an object

measured in newtons N

33
Q

weight

A

W

gravitational pull exerted on an object by a planet

acts downwards towards the centre of the planet

measured in newtons N

34
Q

mass

A

m

the amount of matter contained within an object

measured in kilograms kg

35
Q

gravitational field strength

A

g

weight per unit mass

meaured in newtons per kilogram Nkg-1

36
Q

relationship for measuring grativational field strength

A

g=W/m

37
Q

friction

A

a force which acts in the opposite direction of motion

tries to slow down/ stop an object

38
Q

newton’s first law of motion

A

an object will remain at rest if continue to travel at a constant speed in a straight line unless it is acted on by an unbalanced force

39
Q

forces are balanced when

A

they are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction

40
Q

free body diagram

A

dot with arrows out of it showing the forces

41
Q

resultant force

A

combines single effect of all forces acting on an object

42
Q

newton’s second law of motion

A

the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the unbalanced force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass

43
Q

calculating acceleration with force

A

unbalanced force / mass

44
Q

newton’s third law of motion

A

if object A exerts a force on object B, object B exerts an equal and opposite force of object A

45
Q

Work done

A

Ew

measure of energy transferred from one form to another by exerting a force over a distance

46
Q

equation for work done

A

Ew= F/d

47
Q

projectile is an

A

object which has a forward speed at the same time as it is falling freely

48
Q

horizontal velocity=

A

constant v=d/t

49
Q

vertical velocity =

A

v=u + at

50
Q

lightyear

A

the distance light travels in one year

51
Q

how to find one lightyear

A

365.25 x 24 x 60 x 60

52
Q

how to find distance in metres from lightyear

A

d= v x number of lightyears x 1 lightyears

53
Q

what effect does increasing the curvature of a satellite reflector have

A

the EM waves converge closer to the reflector

54
Q

curved (parabolic) reflectors

A

Collect signals over a large area and focus them onto an antenna. This increases the signal strength received.

55
Q

types of satellites

A

LEO, MEO, HEO

56
Q

HEO satellites

A

Move slowest, Geostationary (36000km height and 24h period), global telecommunications, weather forecasting

57
Q

MEO satellites

A

GPS

58
Q

LEO satellites

A

Measure angle of sunlight, orbit faster

59
Q

Types of spectroscopy

A

Emission, Absorption, Continuous

60
Q

What does spectroscopy show

A

Identify temperature and composition of stars

61
Q

Gravitational potential energy

A

energy due to an objects height (far= high gravitational potential energy)

62
Q

what does Ep equal

A

Ek and Ew

63
Q

Kinetic motion

A

the energy of an object due to its motion

64
Q

how do spacecrafts survive re-entry

A

undergo ablation, slow down by entering at an angle

65
Q

ablation

A

heat energy is absorbed by the heat shield which melts away (phase change)

66
Q

why is re-entry dangerous

A

the shuttle generates a lot of heat energy due to the friction it experiences between the shuttle and the earths atmosphere. because of high speed

Physics (4 decks)

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