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Energy and Electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

Energy

Unit:

A

The ability to do work or affect change

Unit: Joules (J)

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2
Q

Types of energy

A
  1. Elastic energy
  2. Electrical energy
  3. Thermal energy
  4. Radiation Energy
  5. Chemical Energy
  6. Nuclear Energy
  7. Hydraulic Energy
  8. Wind Energy
  9. Sound Energy
  10. Biomass Energy
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3
Q
  1. Elastic energy
  2. Electrical energy
  3. Thermal energy
  4. Radiation energy
  5. Chemical energy
A
  1. energy stored in stretching or compressing something (compressed spring,stretched elastic
  2. Movement of electrons from one atom to another (Power plants,batteries,generators)
  3. energy from random motion of particles in a substance (fire,heating equipement,sun)
  4. Energy contained in electromagnetic waves (light bulbs,sun,cel phones,radio waves)
  5. energy stored in the bonds of atoms (apples,candle wax,fossil fuels)
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4
Q
  1. Nuclear energy
  2. Hydraulic energy
  3. wind energy
  4. sound energy
  5. biomass energy
A
  1. Energy stores in the nucleus of atoms (atomis nuclei,sun)
  2. Energy from water (water falls,rivers)
  3. (wind)
  4. sound,music
  5. burning organic matter for energy, (biofuel,wood,alcohol fuels,burning of waste)
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5
Q
  1. Energy Tranformation:
A
  1. The changing of energy from one form to another
  • Burning a candle: chemical-radiant and thermal
  • Batteries: chemical-electrical
  • Speakers: electrical-sound
  1. The movement of energy from one place to another
  • when the candle burns,you can feel the thermal energy (heat)
  • When you push someone you are transferring mechanical energy, (movement in hands=other person moves)
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6
Q

The law of conservation of energy

A
  • states that energy cannot be created or destroyed
  • but it can be tranfored or tranfered from one form to another
  • amount of energy put into system=energy that comes out
  • You cannot completley transform one type of energy into another type.
  • Energy is lost in the form of heat and sound
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7
Q

Energy efficiency

Formula

A
  • the percentage of energy consumed by a machine or a system to change it into useful energy
  • amount of useful energy/amount of energy consumes * 100
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8
Q

Temperature vs heat

A
  • Temperature is a measurement of how fast he particles of a substances are oving. higher the speed, higher the temperature
  • Heat depends on the speed of particles (termperature) and the number of particles ther are. Heat is THERMAL ENERGY
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9
Q
  1. Electricity
  2. It is divided into 2 branches
A
  1. describes all the phenomena caused by the movement of
  2. Static: Study of electrical charge at rest
  3. Dynamic: study of electrical study in motion
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10
Q

Electrical Charges

Particle, Charge and Location in the atom

A
  • Particle: Proton, Charge=Positive, Location=Nucleus
  • Electron, Negative, Outisde the nucleus
  • Neutron. Neutral,Nucleus
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11
Q

Static Electricity

  1. Charged objects
  2. You can charge an object in different ways
A
  • object that has gained or lost electrons is called charge
  • an electrically neutral object contains the same # protons as electrons
  • Protons are bery tighly bonded to the nucleus
  • Electrons are not so tighly bonded and can be tranfered from one body to another by rubbing against each other
  • Atom that loses electrons become positively charged
  • gains electrons=becomes nehativel charged
  1. Friction: rubbing two neutral objecs together, 1 becomes positive, the other negative
  2. Conduction: Taking charged objects and touching a neutral object, both objects have the same charge
  3. Induction: Taking charged objects and brining it closer, but not touching a neutral object, the neutral object becomes partially charged
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12
Q

Rules of attraction and repulsion

  1. +,-
  2. +,+
  3. -,-
  4. -,n
  5. +,n
  6. n,n
A
  • for statically charged objects, the rules are the same as they are for ions
  1. +,- attract each other
  2. +,+ repel each other
  3. -,- repel
  4. -,neutral attract each other
  5. +,neutral attarct each other
  6. neutral and neutral no attraction or repulsion
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13
Q
  1. Conductors
  2. Insulators
  3. Semiconductors
A
  1. susbtances that allow electrical charges to move freely and conducts electricty (iron,copper,zinc.gold) and electrolytes (salt,acid,bases) lemon juice
  2. insulators are insulators that do not allow electrical charges to move freely (it doesnt conduct eectricity) (non-metals,plastic,glass, paper, silk)
  3. Exibit variable conductivity (sometimes do, sometimes don’t) Carbon,metalloid (germanium and silicon)
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14
Q
  1. Good conductors (bad insulators)
  2. Bad conductors (good insulators)
A
  1. metals and electrolytes
  • short
  • thick
  • cold
  1. non-metals
  • long
  • thin
  • hot
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15
Q
  1. Electrical circuits
A
  1. transform electrical energy into other forms of usable energy (light,heat,sound,mechanical energy)
  2. Power Source and Battery: Power supply: Creates a potential difference, transfers energy to electrons
  3. Wires: Conduction: connect the circuit components and the power supply, carry electrons from the source to the components and back to the source
  4. Resistor, Light or Motor: Electrical Resistence: Limits the flow of electrons. Tranforms electrical en into other forms of en (light,heat,sound,motor)
  5. Switch: Control : Allows control of current by connecting and breaking the circuit
  6. Ammeter: Measures the current flow through a circuit
  7. Voltmeter: measures the potential energy
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16
Q

Examples of circuits

A
  1. electrical energy can be tranformed into light,sound,mechanical or thermal energy
  2. Open Circuit: a circuit in which electricity cannot flow in a loop
  3. Closed Circuit: a circuit in which electricity can flow in a loop
17
Q

Energy of Energy Transfer in different circuit components

Components and their transformation

A
  1. Light Bulb: electrical-light and heat
  2. Battery: (charged) chemical-electrical, (being charged) electrical-chemical
  3. Motor: Electrical energy-mehcanical,heat and sound
  4. Speaker: electrical-sound,mechanical and heat
18
Q

Types of Switches

A
  1. Lever: electrical switch controlled by a mechanical arm moving through a small arc
  2. Push Button: completes an electrical circuit when pressed
  3. Flip-flip: rocks back and forth when pressed
  4. Magnetic Control: two pieces of metal that are separated by a gap near a magnetic field, two pieces of metal come in contanct and close the circuit
19
Q
  1. Electrical Current
  2. Types of currents
A
  1. orderly flow of negative charges
  2. Conventional Current: (before scientists understood electrical current) current flowing from a positive end to a negative end of an electric circuit
  • Electron current: (what is true about an electric current) current flowing from the negative end to positive end
20
Q

Current intensity

A
  • current intensity (I) is th amount of charge that flows through a point of an electrical circuit in one second
  • I=q/dt
  • I=current intensity (A or C/s)
  • q=charge in colombs (C)
  • t=time in seconds
21
Q

Voltage or Potential Difference

A
  • The amount of energy provided by the power supply (battery) It is the energy transferred by electrons betweens two points if an electrical circuit
  • V=potential energy in Volts (V or J/C)
  • E=Energy in Joules
  • q=charge in Colombs (C)
  • V=E/q
22
Q

Resitance

A
  • The resistance of a material is the ability of a material to resist the flow of electrical charges
  • If a material has low resistance it will allow current to pass quickly wheras of it has high resistance then the current will be slowed down
  • unit of resistance ohm (Omega)

1O=1V/1A

  • The opposite of resistance is conductance
  • if an object has low resistance then it has a high conductance
  • if it has a high resistance then it has a low conductance
23
Q
  • Ohm’s Law
A
  • describes the relationship between current,potential difference and resistance in a circuit
  • V=I*R
  • V=potential difference in V
  • I=intensitity in A
  • R+Resistance in Omega
  • R=V/I or A=V/R
24
Q
  1. Biosphere
  2. Describes all the different types of species
  3. Individual
  4. Populations
  5. Community
  6. Ecosystem
  • Example
A
  1. The layer around Earth containing all living organisms
  2. Describes all the different types of species
  3. Is one organism or living thing
  4. A group of individuals of the same species
  5. A set of populations of different species sharing same habitat
  6. Community of living organisms interacting with one aother and the non living components of the environment they inhabit
  • Pop of pine tree+pop of maple tree+pop of cedar tree=community of trees
25
Q
  1. A pack of wolves
  2. Wolves hunting a caribou herd
  3. A lone wolf
  4. A pack of wolves drinking from a lake
  • Trophic relationships (food chains)
    1. Individual,Community,Population,Ecosystem
A
  1. Population
  2. Community
  3. Individual
  4. Ecosystem
  • Are the feeding connections between living things in an ecosystem
  1. Indvidual: A
  2. Population: AAA
  3. Community: AAA,BBB,CCC
  4. Ecosytem: AAA,BBB,CCC,non living
26
Q
  1. Trophic levels:
    * The trophic levels are:
A
  1. Are positions of each living organisms in a food chain
    * The trophic relations are:
  2. Producers: (Autrotrophs): Are at the bottom of the food chain, usually plants because they produce organic (living) matter, such as fruits and vegetables, out of sunlight, water, nutrients and CO2 (photosynthesis)
  3. Consumer (Heterotrophs): Organisms that feed on other living organisms, you have primary consumers (herbivore), secondary consumer (carnivore) and tertiary consumers
  4. Decomposer (Fungi): Organisms that feed on the waste and dead remains (detritus) of other living organisms.
27
Q
  1. Food Wed or Trophic Network
A
  1. A visual representation of different trophic relationships in an ecosystem.
  2. A series of changes that the earth undergoes after the disturbances so that it could restore the ecosystem. Could take hundreds of years, one change leads to another change
28
Q
  • Disturbances
    1. 2.
A
  • Events that damage the ecosystems
  1. Natural disturbancesL Volcanic eruption, earhquale,forest fire, etc
  2. Deforestation, oil spills, mining, etc

Science (10 decks)

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