Chaper 2- Flashcards
1
Q
Non-Characterisitc Properties
A
- Describe something or someone
- Not unique to something or someone
- blue eyes
- mass
- shape
- temperature
- Many people have the characteristics above
2
Q
Characteristic Properties
A
- unique to something or someone
- can help identify something or someone
- helps identify pure substances
- fingerprints
- melting point
- boiling point
3
Q
Physical Characterisitcs of Properties of Pure Substances
A
- Density
- Boiling Point
- Freezing Pont
- Solubility
4
Q
Chemical Characterisic Properites
A
- unique property of element
- reacts with other substances in special ways
- identify element or compound with unique chemical reaction
- Glowing Splint
- Lit Split
- Limewater Test
- Blue Litmus Paper Test
- Red Litmus Paper Test
- Cobalt Chloride Test
5
Q
A
6
Q
- Glowing Splint Test
- Lit Splint
A
- check for oxygen
- place glowing splint in gas
- burst out to flames=oxygen gas
- no result=not oxygen
- check for hydrogen gas
- use lit splint in gas
- makes pop sound=hydrogen
7
Q
- Limewater Test
- Cobalt Chloride Test
A
- Check for carbon dioxide
- few drops of limewater in tube with gas.
- turn milky or cloudy=CO2
- Check for water
- CC paper is light blue
- turns red or pink=contains water
8
Q
- Blue Litmus Paper Test
- Red Litmus Paper Test
A
- Check acidity
* turns red=solution is acidic - check basic solution
* turns blue-contains a base
9
Q
All changes in matter
A
absorb or release energy
10
Q
A physical Change
- 3 types of changes
A
- does not affect the nature and characteristics of matter
- Changes in States of Matter
- Dissolution: creation of a solution by a solute dissolving a solvent
- Deformation: canging of shape of the material (could be revesrible or irreversible)
11
Q
Changes in Stses of Matter
- Solid-Gas
- Gas-Solid
- Solid-Liquid
- Liquid-Solid
- Liquid-Gas
- Gas-Liquid
A
- Sublimation
- Deposition
- Melting
- Freezing
- Boiling
- Condensation
12
Q
Chemical Changes,Reaction,Equation
- A chemical change;
A
- changes the nature and characteristics of matter
- bonds between atoms change and new bonds are formed to create new substances
13
Q
You can tell if it’s chemical if one of more of the gfollowing things happen
A
- Realse of gas
- emission or absorption of heat
- change in colour
- generation of light
- formation of a precipitate
14
Q
How to write a chemical equation
- Stae of substances
A
- Reactant [physical state} + Reactant physical state (arrow)
- Product physical state
- (aq) aqueous solution (a solid dissolved in water)
- (g) gas
- (l) liquid
- (s) solid
15
Q
Types of Chemical Changes of Reactions
A
- Synthesis
- a bigger molecule out of a smaller one
- A+B-AB
- Syntheris of glucose (energy absorbed)
- Lit Splint Test (energy released) H2 combines with O2 to make water
- Decomposition-opposite of synthesis
- Precipitation-solid is formed after mizing two solutions (Limewater Test
16
Q
Chemical changes pt 2
3 conditions must be met for combustion to occur
A
- Oxidation
- involves oxygen or smt from colomn 6
- combustion (burning) always produces CO2, H20 and energy
- -presence of oxidixing agent
- –ignition temperature has been reached, enough energy to start combustion
- —presence of fuel (wood0
- Cellular respiration (reverse of photosynthesis(
- rusting,painting,fermenting
17
Q
Chemical changes pt 3
A
-
Acid-Base Neutralization
* chemical reaction of acid,base that produces salt and water - acids
- substances that releases H<u>+</u> ions when dissolves in water
- less than pH 7
- hydrocloric acid and sulpuric acid
- bases
- releases OH- in an aqueous solution
- sodium hydroxide,magnesium hydroxide
- salts
- sustances produces by chemical bonds of metallic ions and nonmetallic ion
- ph=around 7
- Cl-
- Sodium chloride, calcium chloride
18
Q
Hydrochloric acis is formed from
A
The reaction of hydrogen H2 and chlorine cl2
19
Q
Two important things that equal in chemical equations
A
- Total of each kind of atom on the left=total of each kind of atom on the right
- total mass of the reagants=total mass of products
20
Q
Electrolytes
A
A substance that when you dissolve in water it will conduct electricity (make a light bulb shine)
- Only conduct electricity if dissolved in water because when they dissolve in water they dissociate into ions
- presence of ions thata llows an electric current
- compounds that do not conduct electricity are non-electrolyres (alcohol and pure water)
- sugars such as glucose (C6H12O6) and alcohols such as methanol (CH3OH)
21
Q
Electrical conductivity
A
ability of a solution to allow electrical current to flow through it (will it produce a bright light or not)
22
Q
Electrrolytic Dissociation
A
- when you dissolve an acid,base or salt, the acid base or salt will separate into two ions of opposide charge (one ion will be positive and the other negative)
23
Q
- Solution
- A solution is made up of:
A
- a homogenous mic=xture that cannot be distinguished under a magnifying instrument
- solute: being dissolvent
- solvent: does the dissolving
- ALWAYS more solvent than solute
24
Q
pH of a solution indicates the
A
- concentration of H+ in that solution
- pH scales ranges from 0-14
- 0+most acidic 14= most basic
25
Q
The pH scale
A
- pH scale is the algorithm scale
- when pH values increases by 1, theres 10 fold decrease in acidity
- decreases by 1, 10 fold increase in acidity
