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Chaper 2- Flashcards

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1
Q

Non-Characterisitc Properties

A
  • Describe something or someone
  • Not unique to something or someone
  1. blue eyes
  2. mass
  3. shape
  4. temperature
  • Many people have the characteristics above
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2
Q

Characteristic Properties

A
  • unique to something or someone
  • can help identify something or someone
  • helps identify pure substances
  1. fingerprints
  2. melting point
  3. boiling point
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3
Q

Physical Characterisitcs of Properties of Pure Substances

A
  1. Density
  2. Boiling Point
  3. Freezing Pont
  4. Solubility
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4
Q

Chemical Characterisic Properites

A
  • unique property of element
  • reacts with other substances in special ways
  • identify element or compound with unique chemical reaction
  1. Glowing Splint
  2. Lit Split
  3. Limewater Test
  4. Blue Litmus Paper Test
  5. Red Litmus Paper Test
  6. Cobalt Chloride Test
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5
Q
A
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6
Q
  1. Glowing Splint Test
  2. Lit Splint
A
  1. check for oxygen
  • place glowing splint in gas
  • burst out to flames=oxygen gas
  • no result=not oxygen
  1. check for hydrogen gas
  • use lit splint in gas
  • makes pop sound=hydrogen
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7
Q
  1. Limewater Test
  2. Cobalt Chloride Test
A
  1. Check for carbon dioxide
  • few drops of limewater in tube with gas.
  • turn milky or cloudy=CO2
  1. Check for water
  • CC paper is light blue
  • turns red or pink=contains water
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8
Q
  1. Blue Litmus Paper Test
  2. Red Litmus Paper Test
A
  1. Check acidity
    * turns red=solution is acidic
  2. check basic solution
    * turns blue-contains a base
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9
Q

All changes in matter

A

absorb or release energy

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10
Q

A physical Change

  • 3 types of changes
A
  • does not affect the nature and characteristics of matter
  1. Changes in States of Matter
  2. Dissolution: creation of a solution by a solute dissolving a solvent
  3. Deformation: canging of shape of the material (could be revesrible or irreversible)
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11
Q

Changes in Stses of Matter

  1. Solid-Gas
  2. Gas-Solid
  3. Solid-Liquid
  4. Liquid-Solid
  5. Liquid-Gas
  6. Gas-Liquid
A
  1. Sublimation
  2. Deposition
  3. Melting
  4. Freezing
  5. Boiling
  6. Condensation
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12
Q

Chemical Changes,Reaction,Equation

  1. A chemical change;
A
  1. changes the nature and characteristics of matter
  2. bonds between atoms change and new bonds are formed to create new substances
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13
Q

You can tell if it’s chemical if one of more of the gfollowing things happen

A
  1. Realse of gas
  2. emission or absorption of heat
  3. change in colour
  4. generation of light
  5. formation of a precipitate
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14
Q

How to write a chemical equation

  1. Stae of substances
A
  • Reactant [physical state} + Reactant physical state (arrow)
  • Product physical state
  1. (aq) aqueous solution (a solid dissolved in water)
  2. (g) gas
  3. (l) liquid
  4. (s) solid
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15
Q

Types of Chemical Changes of Reactions

A
  1. Synthesis
  • a bigger molecule out of a smaller one
  • A+B-AB
  • Syntheris of glucose (energy absorbed)
  • Lit Splint Test (energy released) H2 combines with O2 to make water
  1. Decomposition-opposite of synthesis
  2. Precipitation-solid is formed after mizing two solutions (Limewater Test
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16
Q

Chemical changes pt 2

3 conditions must be met for combustion to occur

A
  1. Oxidation
  • involves oxygen or smt from colomn 6
  • combustion (burning) always produces CO2, H20 and energy
  • -presence of oxidixing agent
  • –ignition temperature has been reached, enough energy to start combustion
  • —presence of fuel (wood0
  • Cellular respiration (reverse of photosynthesis(
  • rusting,painting,fermenting
17
Q

Chemical changes pt 3

A
  1. Acid-Base Neutralization
    * chemical reaction of acid,base that produces salt and water
  2. acids
  • substances that releases H<u>+</u> ions when dissolves in water
  • less than pH 7
  • hydrocloric acid and sulpuric acid
  1. bases
  • releases OH- in an aqueous solution
  • sodium hydroxide,magnesium hydroxide
  1. salts
  • sustances produces by chemical bonds of metallic ions and nonmetallic ion
  • ph=around 7
  • Cl-
  • Sodium chloride, calcium chloride
18
Q

Hydrochloric acis is formed from

A

The reaction of hydrogen H2 and chlorine cl2

19
Q

Two important things that equal in chemical equations

A
  1. Total of each kind of atom on the left=total of each kind of atom on the right
  2. total mass of the reagants=total mass of products
20
Q

Electrolytes

A

A substance that when you dissolve in water it will conduct electricity (make a light bulb shine)

  • Only conduct electricity if dissolved in water because when they dissolve in water they dissociate into ions
  • presence of ions thata llows an electric current
  • compounds that do not conduct electricity are non-electrolyres (alcohol and pure water)
  • sugars such as glucose (C6H12O6) and alcohols such as methanol (CH3OH)
21
Q

Electrical conductivity

A

ability of a solution to allow electrical current to flow through it (will it produce a bright light or not)

22
Q

Electrrolytic Dissociation

A
  • when you dissolve an acid,base or salt, the acid base or salt will separate into two ions of opposide charge (one ion will be positive and the other negative)
23
Q
  1. Solution
  2. A solution is made up of:
A
  1. a homogenous mic=xture that cannot be distinguished under a magnifying instrument
    • solute: being dissolvent
    • solvent: does the dissolving
  3. ALWAYS more solvent than solute
24
Q

pH of a solution indicates the

A
  • concentration of H+ in that solution
  • pH scales ranges from 0-14
  • 0+most acidic 14= most basic
25
Q

The pH scale

A
  • pH scale is the algorithm scale
  • when pH values increases by 1, theres 10 fold decrease in acidity
  • decreases by 1, 10 fold increase in acidity

Science (10 decks)

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