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Chapter 1 sec 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the period table of elements?

What does the staircase represent?

A
  • Is a visual representation of the elements in groups according to their physical and chemical properties.
  • Separates metals from non-metals
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2
Q
  1. The atomic number
  2. Atomic mass
  3. Proton
  4. Electron
  5. Neutron
A
  1. The number of protons in the nucleaus of an atom. Distinguishes 1 element from another.
  2. The mass of an atom of an element measured in atomic mass unit
  3. Atomic particles found in a nucleus. Carries positive nucleaus charge
  4. atomic particles that is negatively charged
  5. Found in the nucleaus and has no electrical charge
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3
Q
  1. Proton = p+
  2. Electrons =e-
  3. Neutrons= n•
A
  1. Atomic number: p+=e-
  2. Atomic mass: p+-n•
  3. n•=atomic mass-atomic number (bottom #-top#)
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4
Q
  1. H
  2. He
  3. Li
  4. Be
  5. B
  6. C
  7. N
  8. O
  9. F
  10. Ne
  11. Na
  12. Mg
  13. Al
  14. Si
  15. P
  16. S
  17. Cl
  18. Ar
  19. K
  20. Ca
A
  1. Hydrogen
  2. Helium
  3. Lithium
  4. Berilium
  5. Boron
  6. Carbon
  7. Nitrogen
  8. Oxygen
  9. Fluorine
  10. Neon
  11. Sodium
  12. Magnesium
  13. Aluminum
  14. Silicon
  15. Phosphorus
  16. Sulfur
  17. Chlorine
  18. Argon
  19. Potassium
  20. Calicum
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5
Q

Other elements to know as well:

A
  1. Fe:Iron
  2. Zn:Zinc
  3. Ni: Nickle
  4. Cu:Copper
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6
Q

7 Characteristics of metals

(non-metals are exact opposite)

A
  1. Lustrous
  2. Malleable
  3. Ductile
  4. Soilid at room temperature
  5. Conducts heat
  6. Conducts electricity
  7. Left of staircase of P.T
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7
Q
  • What are metalloids?
  • Name 4 important metalloids
A

Metalloids have both characteristics of metals and non-metals

  1. Boron
  2. Silicon
  3. Germanium
  4. Arsenine
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8
Q
  • How many groups in the periodic table?
  • Each column is called a group or family because they have the same characteristics
  • What is a family/column
  • What is period/row
A
  • 18 groups
  • A family/column are the roman numerals in the front of A or B that represent the number of valence electrons
  • A period/row represents the number of electrons shells
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9
Q

Name and describe all 8 families of the periodic table

A
  1. Alkali Metals :1 Valent electron,found naturally in compounds,highly reactive…
  2. Alkaline-Earth Metals: 2 valent electrons, highly mealleable and reactive. Burns easily in presence of heat
  3. Boron Family: 3 valent electrons.
  4. Carbon Family: 4 valent electrons
  5. Nitrogen Family: 5 valent electrons
  6. Oxygen Family: 6 valent electrons
  7. Halogens: 7 valent electrons. Reacts to compounds and salt. Several are disinfectants
  8. Inert or Noble gases: 8 valence electrons, extremely stable.

IMPORTANT: Hydrogen is in column one but is not part of alkali metals (it’s a gas)

Helium only has 2 valence electrons but is in the noble gases family

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10
Q

Ball and stick model

A
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11
Q

Lewis-Notation

A
  1. Write the symbols of the element
  2. Determine the number of valnce electrons by looking at the family/column
  3. Put dots around the symbol to represent each of the valence electrons
  4. HELIUM IS 2
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12
Q

Bohr-Rutherford Model

A
  1. Draw the nucleaus and write inside the number of protons it has
  2. Draw the shells (cirlces) around the nucleaus (number of shells=period number)
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13
Q
  • What are Ions?
  • Atoms lose or gain electrons because
A
  • Atoms that have become electrically charged by losing or gaining one or more electrons
  • They tend to want to become more stable by acquiring a full valence shell (similae to one of the noble gases)
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14
Q

Ions tendiencies and family names

  1. Hydrogen
  2. Lithium
  3. Berilium
  4. Boron
  5. Carbon
  6. Nitrogen
  7. Oxygen
  8. Fluorine
  9. Helium
  10. Neon
A
  1. Lose or gain 1 electron (H+, H-)
  2. Alkali—Lose 1 electron (Li+)
  3. Alkaline Earth—Lose 2 electrons (Be 2+)
  4. Boron—Lose 3 electrons (B 3+)
  5. Carbon—Gain or lose 4 electrons (C4+,C4-)
  6. Nitrogen—Gain 3 electrons (N3-)
  7. Oxygen—Gain 2 electrons (O 2-)
  8. Halogens—Gain 1 electron (Fe-)
  9. Inert Gases—None (He)
  10. Intert Gases—None (Ne)
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15
Q
  1. Is it possible to remove or add a proton to an atom?
  2. Is it possible to remove or add a electron to an atom?
  3. What is an ion?
  4. What is the charge of an atom that loses 3 electrons?
  5. What is the charge of an atom that gains 2 electrons?
  6. What is the maxium number of electrons that can fit in the:
  • First shell of an atom
  • Second shell
  • Third shell
A
  1. No
  2. Yes
  3. Electrically charged atoms
  4. 3+
  5. 2-
  • 2
  • 8
  • 8
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16
Q

Matter is anything that has

A

mass and colume

17
Q

Matter is divided into (and definitons)

  1. Particle Therory/Model
A

Mixtures: matter made up of different particles

Pure substances: Matter made up of a single type of particle

  1. All matter is made up of particle (atoms por molecules) that we cannot see
18
Q

State of matter:

Definitions of solid,liquid,gas

A

Matter can be in 3 different states: solid,liquid,gas

  1. Solids :hold their own shape,the particles are packed close together in order.They have very little energy and can only vibrate
  2. Liquids: take the shape of teir container, particles are loosely packed,they have medium energy and move around slowly
  3. Gases: spread out to fill the entire container given.Lots of energy, particles move around quickly
19
Q

Atoms:

A
  • smallest particles of matter to exist
  • 118 different types of atoms
  • All matter is made up of atoms
20
Q

Molecules:

A
  • Groups of atoms joined by chemical bonds
  • The atoms can be the same or different
  • Ex: Molecule h20 an be divided into 2 Hydrogren and 1 Oxygen
21
Q
  • Pure Substance:
A
  1. Elements: Only one type of atom (1 capital letter),different size and mass
  2. Compounds: particles with more than one type of element. All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds.

M=2 of same or different atoms

C=2 different atoms

Compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds

22
Q
  1. Dalton Model
  2. The Thompson Model
  3. The Rutherford Model
  4. The Rutherford-Bohr Model
A
  1. Atom is an Indivisible sphere like a marble . Atoms combine together to make different compounds
  2. Discovered the electron.Atom is positive material with negative paricles (cathode rays or electrons)
  3. Discovered the nucleus. He shot atomic particles on a gold leaf and found out that the atom is mainly empty space consiting of a tiny positive nucles with electrons (cathode rays) circling outside the nucleus.
  4. Atoms consist of more than one energy level.
24
Q
  1. Who discovered the electron?
  2. Who discovered the nucleus?
  3. Are electrons inside or outside the nucleus?
  4. Are protons inside or outisde the nucleus?
  5. What is a neutral atom?
  6. Who assumed that the atom is a solid sphere?
A
  1. Thompson
  2. Rutherford
  3. Outisde
  4. Inside
  5. Same number of protons and electrons
  6. Dalton
25
Q
  1. What is a valence electron?
  2. What is an electron shell?
A
  1. The amount of electrons on the outter shell of an atom
  2. How many shells there are per atom

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