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Social Studies > Energy and Ecosystems > Flashcards

Energy and Ecosystems Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the coldest, driest ecosystem on Earth?

A

Tundra

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2
Q

In the tundra, there are what kind of summers and what kind of plant life

A

short summers, little plant life

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3
Q

In the tundra, what do animals often do?

A

Migrate or hibernate during the long, cold winters

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4
Q

If there are short summers in the tundra, what does that mean about the winter?

A

There are long, cold winters

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5
Q

Describe a basic food chain in the tundra

A
  1. Reindeer moss uses energy from sun to make and store sugar (producers)
  2. Caribou are herbivores and eat the reindeer moss and other producers (first-level consumers)
  3. Wolves are predators and eat caribou (second-level consumers)
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6
Q

Path that shows the transfer of food energy from one organism to the next called

A

Food chain

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7
Q

How do producers capture energy?

A

From the sun

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8
Q

When producers capture energy from the sun, it is called what

A

photosynthesis

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9
Q

What happens in photosynthesis?

A

light energy is converted into chemical energy in sugars used for food

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10
Q

Herbivores eat who?

A

Producers

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11
Q

Herbivores are considered what kind of consumers…

A

First-level consumers

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12
Q

After herbivores, what comes next in the food chain

A

carnivores and omnivores

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13
Q

carnivores and omnivores are what kind of consumers

A

second-level consumers

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14
Q

Second-level consumers eat who?

A

herbivores

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15
Q

Third-level consumers eat what level consumers

A

second-level consumers

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16
Q

A scavenger that eats organisms that have died, may be what?

A

second or third-level consumer

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17
Q

what is the final link in any food chain?

A

Decomposer

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18
Q

What does a decomposer do?

A

get energy as they break down the remains of dead plants and animals and return nutrients to the soil

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19
Q

Example of a scavenger

A

Arctic gull that feeds on dead bodies of caribou, wolves

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20
Q

Example of decomposer

A

fungi and bacteria that decompose final remains

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21
Q

What does a food web show?

A

How food chains overlap (what eats what)

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22
Q

In a food web, the arrows point in which direction?

A

where energy moves (what’s being eaten)

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23
Q

All the organisms in a food web are interdependent? True or false

A

True

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24
Q

If you removed a predator like a snake from a food web, what might happen?

A

There would be more mice, more plants would be eaten, meaning mice might run out of food and begin to die off, affecting the hawks that eat mice

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25
Q

What does an energy pyramid show?

A

How much energy passes from one organism to another up a food chain

26
Q

In an energy pyramid, the organisms in a layer of the pyramid feed on those in which layer

A

a lower layer

27
Q

In an energy pyramid, which layer has the most organism

A

the producers in the bottom layer

28
Q

Environmental changes can affect energy flow in an energy pyramid. If too many people are fishing salmon, what might happen to seals that eat salmon?

A

May go hungry

29
Q

What is the first organism in a food chain?

A

Producer

30
Q

Herbivores are the ________-level consumers

A

first

31
Q

_________ and _______ are the second-level consumers

A

carnivores and omnivores

32
Q

____________ are the final organisms in all food chains. They recycle materials by breaking down plant and animal remains and return materials to the environment.

A

decomposers

33
Q

A food web shows how food chains do what?

A

overlap

34
Q

Arrows in a food web show the direction of….

A

energy transfer

35
Q

Most of the energy in an ecosystem is present in the….

A

producers

36
Q

At each level of an energy pyramid, organism use ___percent of the available energy for life processes.

A

90

37
Q

Only ___percent of the energy is passed from one level to the next level above in an energy pyramid

A

10

38
Q

Put this food chain in order….

hawk - bacteria - corn - mouse

A

corn - mouse - hawk - bacteria

39
Q

Complete the facts:
The shrubs use __ percent of their energy and pass on ___ percent to the deer that eat them

A

90, 10

40
Q

Which organisms get the least amount of energy?

-wolves
-deer
-shrubs

A

wolves

41
Q

Which organisms must be the most plentiful to support this food chain?
-wolves
-deer
-shrub

A

shrubs

42
Q

Which organisms might a hawk eat?
- tree
-bird
-fly
-shrub
-mouse
-rabbit
-deer
-squirrel
-grasshopper

A
43
Q

describe the food chain of cheese that is used for a sandwich. Here’s a start…

sun - grass - cow - _____-_______

A

milk, cheese

44
Q

Most plants contain a green, food-producing molecule called…

A

chlorophyll

45
Q

Plants make their own food through a process called…

A

photosynthesis

46
Q

Organisms that make their own food are called….

A

producers

47
Q

Organisms that do not make their own food are called…

A

consumers

48
Q

Which one would be the correct way to classify a mountain lion?

a) omnivore, prey, consumer
b) carnviore, predator, consumer
c) herbivore, predator, producer
d) carnivore, prey, consumer

A

carnivore, predator, consumer

49
Q

If a pet rabbit is an herbivore, what should you feed it?

a) lettuce
b) bacteria
c) metal scraps
d) insects

A

lettuce

50
Q

Which of these is the final link in every food chain?

a) producers
b) decomposers
c) first-level consumers
d) second-level consumers

A

decomposers

51
Q

What is the initial source of energy in most ecosystems?

a) decomposers
b) sunlight
c) nutrients in soil
d) oxygen in air

A

sunlight

52
Q

Nolan has an hamburger and a salad for lunch. What does this tell you about him?

a) he is a producer
b) he is a scavenger
c) he is a herbivore
d) he is an omnivore

A

he is an omnivore

53
Q

Plants rely on animals to produce carbon dioxide. What do plants produce for animals?

a) food and oxygen
b) sunshine and rain
c) carbon dioxide and food
d) herbivores and carnivores

A

food and oxygen

54
Q

Look at this food chain:
pine seed - mouse - snake - hawk

what would happen if all the mice died from a disease?

a) The snakes would eat pine seeds instead of mice
b) The producers would stop making food
c) The population of snakes would increase
d) The population of snakes would decrease

A

population of snakes would decrease

55
Q

A snake is preparing to eat a fish swimming near it. What is the best way to describe the relationship here?

a) predator and prey
b) producer and consumer
c) herbivore and omnivore
d) scavenger and producer

A

predator and prey

56
Q

Some animals are known for their food-gathering behaviors. Vultures are an example of the following:

a) predator
b) producer
c) scavenger
d) decomposer

A

scavenger

57
Q

Which is the correct diagram of photosynthesis?

a) sunlight + carbon dioxide + water – sugar + oxygen
b) sunlight + oxygen _ water – sugar + carbon dioxide
c) sunlight _+ carbon dioxide + sugar – water + oxygen
d) sunlight + oxygen + sugar –carbon dioxide + water

A

sunlight + carbon dioxide + water – sugar + oxygen

58
Q

Wyatt notices some fungi growing on his favorite tree. What is the role of this fungi?

a) Fungi are producers. They are making their own food.
b) Fungi are scavengers. They are eating the dead parts of the tree.
c) Fungi are producers. They are providing the tree with food.
d) Fungi are decomposers. They are decomposing a part of the tree.

A

Fungi are decomposers. They are decomposing a part of the tree.

59
Q

If a level of a food pyramid dies out, how does that affect the other levels?

A

Will be more of them - no one to eat them

60
Q
A

Social Studies (7 decks)

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