ENERGY AND ATP

Question 1

What does ATP stand for

Answer 1

adenosine triphosphate

Question 2

What is ATP made from

Answer 2

phosphorylated macromolecule

Question 3

How many components are there of ATP

Answer 3

3

Question 4

What are the 3 components of ATP

Answer 4

1) adenine
2) ribose
3) phosphates

Question 5

What is adenine

Answer 5

nitrogen-containing organic base

Question 6

What is ribose

Answer 6

sugar molecule with a 5-carbon ring structure that acts as a backbone that other parts are attatched to

Question 7

How many phosphates does ATP contain

Answer 7

chain of 3 phosphates

Question 8

What is ATP used for

Answer 8

immediate source of energy in a cell

Question 9

How does ATP travel to the part of the cell that needs energy

Answer 9

diffusion

Question 10

What happens to ATP when a cell needs energy

Answer 10

it is hydrolysed into ADP + Pi

Question 11

What 3 reasons is ATP good for releasing energy

Answer 11

1) bonds between phosphate groups are unstable so have low activation energy (easily broken)
2) when the bonds between phosphate groups are broken they release a lot of energy
3) it phosphorylates other reactions through the release of an inorganic phosphate

Question 12

What is phosphorlyation

Answer 12

when phosphate is added to another compound that makes it more reactive

Question 13

What is the reaction of ATP - ADP + Pi

Answer 13

reversible

Question 14

What is the equation of ATP - ADP + Pi

Answer 14

ATP + H20 <=> ADP + Pi + E

Question 15

What is the reaction of ATP - ADP + Pi catalysed by

Answer 15

ATP synthase

Question 16

What 3 ways does the synthesis of ATP from ADP occur

Answer 16

1) photophosphorylation
2) oxidative phosphorlyation
3) substrate-level phosphorlyation

Question 17

When does photophosphorlyation occur

Answer 17

in chlorophyll containing plant cells during photosynthesis

Question 18

When does oxidative phosphorlyation occur

Answer 18

in plant and animal cells during respiration

Question 19

When does substrate-level phosphorlyation occur

Answer 19

in plant and animal cells when phosphate groups are transferred from donor molecules to ATP

Question 20

Is ATP a good long-term energy store

Answer 20

no

Question 21

What size of store of ATP do cells hold

Answer 21

small (few seconds worth)

Question 22

What 2 reasons mean ATP is a better immediate source of energy than glucose

Answer 22

1) the ATP releases less energy than glucose, so the energy is released in smaller more manageable quantaties
2) the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is a single reaction so takes shorter whereas glucose is a long series of reactions so takes longer

Question 23

Can ATP be stored

Answer 23

no

Question 24

What 5 energy-requiring reactions is ATP used in

Answer 24

1) metabolic processes
2) movement
3) active transport
4) secretion
5) activation of molecules

Question 25

When is ATP used in metabolic processes

Answer 25

provides the energy neede to build up macromolecules from their basic units (e.g. starch from glucose)

Question 26

When is ATP used in movement

Answer 26

provides the energy for filaments to slide pass over other in muscle contraction

Question 27

When is ATP used in active transport

Answer 27

provides energy to change the shape of the carrier proteins in plasma membranes

Question 28

When is ATP used in secretion

Answer 28

needed to form the lysosomes necessary for the secretion of cell products

Question 29

When is ATP used in activation of molecules

Answer 29

inorganic phosphate released during hydrolysis of ATP used to phosphorylate other compounds, to make them more reactive & have a lower activation energy (e.g adding phospate to glucose at start of glycolysis)