BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES INTRO

Question 1

What are the 3 types of bonds

Answer 1

covalent, ionic, hydrogen

Question 2

What is a covalent bond

Answer 2

when atoms share a pair of electrons in their outer shell so both outer shells are full

Question 3

What is an ionic bond

Answer 3

when ions with opposite charges attract

Question 4

What is a hydrogen bond

Answer 4

when the negative region within a polar molecule attract the positively charged region to form a weak electrostatic bond, but form enough that it is a stronger forces

Question 5

What is a polar molecule

Answer 5

molecule that has an uneven distribution of electrons, that means one side is positively charged and the other negatively

Question 6

What is polymerisation

Answer 6

the process of monomers being joined together to form a polymer

Question 7

What is a polymer

Answer 7

long, complex chains of monomers

Question 8

What are the monomers of polymers usually based on

Answer 8

carbon

Question 9

What are examples of industrial polymers

Answer 9

polythene and polyesters

Question 10

What are examples of polymers made by naturally living organisms

Answer 10

polysaccharides, polypeptides and polynucleotides

Question 11

What is the basic sub-units of polsaccharide

Answer 11

monosaccharide

Question 12

What is a monomer

Answer 12

small, basic molecular units

Question 13

How are polypeptides formed

Answer 13

linking together peptides that have amino acids as their basic sub-unit

Question 14

What is a condensation reaction

Answer 14

the joining of 2 molecules with a formation of a new chemical bond and release of a water molecule

Question 15

What bond forms between monosaccharides in a condensation reaction

Answer 15

glycosidic bond

Question 16

What is formed when 2 monosaccharides join together

Answer 16

disaccharide

Question 17

What do 2 glucose molecules join together to make

Answer 17

glycosidic bond and maltose

Question 18

What does glucose and fructose join to make

Answer 18

sucrose

Question 19

What does glucose and galactose join to make

Answer 19

lactose

Question 20

What is a hydrolysis reaction

Answer 20

the breaking of a chemical bond between monomers using a water molecule

Question 21

What are polymers hydrolysed to make

Answer 21

monomers

Question 22

What are lipids hydrolysed to make

Answer 22

fatty acids and glycerol

Question 23

What is metabolism

Answer 23

all the chemical reactions that take place in the living organism

Question 24

What is a molar solution

Answer 24

solution that contains one mole of solute in each litre of solution

Question 25

How do you find the molecular mass of a substance

Answer 25

add together the atomic weights of each element within (e.g NaCl = Na & Cl)

Question 26

What is the atomic number of an atom

Answer 26

the number of protons (smaller number)

Question 27

What is the mass number of an atom

Answer 27

the number of protons + electrons (bigger number)

Question 28

What is an isotope

Answer 28

elements with the same number of protons and a different number of electrons

Question 29

When is an ion formed

Answer 29

when an atom loses or recieves an electron (loses = positive, gains = negative)