BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES INTRO Flashcards
What are the 3 types of bonds
covalent, ionic, hydrogen
What is a covalent bond
when atoms share a pair of electrons in their outer shell so both outer shells are full
What is an ionic bond
when ions with opposite charges attract
What is a hydrogen bond
when the negative region within a polar molecule attract the positively charged region to form a weak electrostatic bond, but form enough that it is a stronger forces
What is a polar molecule
molecule that has an uneven distribution of electrons, that means one side is positively charged and the other negatively
What is polymerisation
the process of monomers being joined together to form a polymer
What is a polymer
long, complex chains of monomers
What are the monomers of polymers usually based on
carbon
What are examples of industrial polymers
polythene and polyesters
What are examples of polymers made by naturally living organisms
polysaccharides, polypeptides and polynucleotides
What is the basic sub-units of polsaccharide
monosaccharide
What is a monomer
small, basic molecular units
How are polypeptides formed
linking together peptides that have amino acids as their basic sub-unit
What is a condensation reaction
the joining of 2 molecules with a formation of a new chemical bond and release of a water molecule
What bond forms between monosaccharides in a condensation reaction
glycosidic bond
What is formed when 2 monosaccharides join together
disaccharide
What do 2 glucose molecules join together to make
glycosidic bond and maltose
What does glucose and fructose join to make
sucrose
What does glucose and galactose join to make
lactose
What is a hydrolysis reaction
the breaking of a chemical bond between monomers using a water molecule
What are polymers hydrolysed to make
monomers
What are lipids hydrolysed to make
fatty acids and glycerol
What is metabolism
all the chemical reactions that take place in the living organism
What is a molar solution
solution that contains one mole of solute in each litre of solution
