Energy And ATP

Question 1

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 1

Adenosine Tri-Phosphate

Question 2

What type of molecule is ATP?

Answer 2

A nucleotide derivative

Question 3

What does ATP contain?

Answer 3

A ribose sugar
An adenine base
3 phosphate groups

Question 4

What is adenosine?

Answer 4

The ribose sugar and adenine base

Question 5

What type of energy source is ATP?

Answer 5

Immediate energy source due to unstable bonds between the phosphate groups which lowers activation energy

Question 6

What forms when ATP is hydrolysed?

Answer 6

ADP - Adenosine Diphosphate
Pi - Inorganic phosphate

Question 7

Which enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis reaction of ATP?

Answer 7

ATP hydrolase

Question 8

ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate) can be combined in what type of reaction (to reform ATP)

Answer 8

Condensation

Question 9

Which enzyme catalyses the reaction to resythesise ATP?

Answer 9

ATP synthase

Question 10

How is energy released from ATP?

Answer 10

High energy bonds between phosphate groups are broken

Question 11

What does ATP provide energy for (function)?

Answer 11

• Metabolic process (anabolic)
• Movement (muscle contractions)
• Active Transport (against concentration gradient)
• Secretion (of product from cell)
• Activation of molecules (phosphorylation)

Question 12

What type of reaction is the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi?

Answer 12

Exergonic (releases energy)

Question 13

What type of reaction is the formation of ATP from ADP and Pi?

Answer 13

Endergonic (uses/absorbs energy)

Question 14

How is little energy wasted when used in a cell?

Answer 14

ATP hydrolysis releases energy in small manageable amounts

Question 15

What does rapid re synthesis of ATP after hydrolysis allow?

Answer 15

Continual supply of energy available in the cell

Question 16

How can ATP transfer energy to other molecules?

Answer 16

Adding a phosphate group (phosphorylation)

Question 17

What does phosphorylation do?

Answer 17

Causes/makes molecules more reactive

Question 18

How does ATP not being able to cross the cell surface membrane aid its function?

Answer 18

It ensures that it is always available inside the cell for chemical processes

Question 19

Why is ATP small and soluble?

Answer 19

So it can easily diffuse through the cytoplasm and provide energy for different chemical reactions

Question 20

Only one bond is broken to release energy during ATP hydrolysis to ADP - How does this help its function?

Answer 20

It releases energy immediately