Energy And ATP Flashcards
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Tri-Phosphate
What type of molecule is ATP?
A nucleotide derivative
What does ATP contain?
A ribose sugar
An adenine base
3 phosphate groups
What is adenosine?
The ribose sugar and adenine base
What type of energy source is ATP?
Immediate energy source due to unstable bonds between the phosphate groups which lowers activation energy
What forms when ATP is hydrolysed?
ADP - Adenosine Diphosphate
Pi - Inorganic phosphate
Which enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis reaction of ATP?
ATP hydrolase
ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate) can be combined in what type of reaction (to reform ATP)
Condensation
Which enzyme catalyses the reaction to resythesise ATP?
ATP synthase
How is energy released from ATP?
High energy bonds between phosphate groups are broken
What does ATP provide energy for (function)?
- Metabolic process (anabolic)
- Movement (muscle contractions)
- Active Transport (against concentration gradient)
- Secretion (of product from cell)
- Activation of molecules (phosphorylation)
What type of reaction is the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi?
Exergonic (releases energy)
What type of reaction is the formation of ATP from ADP and Pi?
Endergonic (uses/absorbs energy)
How is little energy wasted when used in a cell?
ATP hydrolysis releases energy in small manageable amounts
What does rapid re synthesis of ATP after hydrolysis allow?
Continual supply of energy available in the cell
How can ATP transfer energy to other molecules?
Adding a phosphate group (phosphorylation)
What does phosphorylation do?
Causes/makes molecules more reactive
How does ATP not being able to cross the cell surface membrane aid its function?
It ensures that it is always available inside the cell for chemical processes
Why is ATP small and soluble?
So it can easily diffuse through the cytoplasm and provide energy for different chemical reactions
Only one bond is broken to release energy during ATP hydrolysis to ADP - How does this help its function?
It releases energy immediately
