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Science > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define the term energy

A

Power derived from the utilisation of physical or chemical resources, especially to provide light and heat or to work machines.

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2
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy which a body by virtue of being in motion

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3
Q

Identify bodies that possess kinetic energy because of their motion.

A

Anything that is moving and has a mass possesses kinetic energy.
E.g: a person running, a car moving, a mount moving.

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4
Q

Define potential energy as stored energy

A

Stored energy is know as potential energy as it has the energy to make something happen.

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5
Q

Gravitational energy

A

Energy stored due to the height of an object above a base level.

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6
Q

Chemical energy

A

Potential energy derived from chemical reactions.

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7
Q

Elastic potential energy

A

The potential energy stored in a stretched elastic material.

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8
Q

Are all energy transformations 100% efficient?

A

No, some energy is lost as waste.

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9
Q

Conduction

A

Transfer of heat through collisions between particles

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10
Q

Convection

A

Transfer of heat through the flow of particles

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11
Q

Radiation

A

A method of heat transfer that does not require particles to transfer heat from one place to another

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12
Q

Heat transmitting

A

To pass through something such as light, heat or sound passing through air.

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13
Q

Heat reflection

A

For something to bounce off like heat from sunlight being reflected off of surfaces like foil.

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14
Q

Heat absorption

A

The taking in of a substance for example light from heat being absorbed in dark clothing

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15
Q

Define luminous

A

Any object or substances that give off their own light

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16
Q

Define non-luminous

A

Non-luminous objects or substances don’t emit their own light. And light from luminous objects reflect from them.

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17
Q

Define Incandescent

A

Incandescent sources emit light because they are hot.

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18
Q

Examples of incandescent objects

A

The sun and all other stars, light bulbs and flames.

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19
Q

Define Bioluminescent

A

Living things that emit light without heat.

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20
Q

Examples of bioluminescent objects

A

Fireflies, glow works and some deep sea creatures

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21
Q

Why is light energy called electromagnetic radiation.

A

It’s is called electromagnetic radiation because it travels through space as electrical/ magnetic waves.

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22
Q

Properties of electromagnetic visible light

A

Is in the middle of the electromagnetic spectrum and is the only electromagnetic ray we can see.

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23
Q

Properties of electromagnetic radio waves

A

Low energy, long wave length and used for communication and RADAR.

24
Q

Properties of electromagnetic microwaves

A

Medium energy, medium wavelength and used for measurement and cooking.

25
Q

Properties of electromagnetic infra-red waves

A

Just below visible light in energy and used for heating and communication.

26
Q

Properties of electromagnetic ultra violet light

A

Medium energy, short wavelength, UV-A safe for tanning UV-B can cause skin cancer.

27
Q

Properties of electromagnetic X-rays

A

high energy, very short wavelength. Used for imaging and medical treatment

28
Q

Properties of electromagnetic gamma rays

A

high energy, very short wavelength. Generated by nuclear reactions. Used for imaging and medical treatment.

29
Q

Light transmitting

A

To pass through something such as light, heat or sound passing through air.

30
Q

Light reflection

A

When light from a luminous object reflects or scatters off a non-luminous object.

31
Q

Light absorption

A

When light emitted from a luminous object is absorbed by a dark surface on a non-luminous object.

32
Q

What three things can happen to light energy?

A

It can be reflected, transmitted or absorbed.

33
Q

Do all of the colours in the visible spectrum have the same wavelength?

A

No all of the colours have a slightly different wave length.

34
Q

What do you call it when all of the colours appear together?

A

The “visible spectrum” or a rainbow.

35
Q

How many different colours are there in the visible spectrum and what are they?

A

6 or 7 and they are

R O Y G B I V

36
Q

Define dispersion

A

When you use a glass prism to seperate White into its colours.

37
Q

How does light travel?

A

Light travels in straight lines as it travels through empty space or through a uniform substance like air or water.

38
Q

What colour bends the least when light is dispersed?

A

Red

39
Q

What colour bends the most when light is dispersed?

A

Violet

40
Q

Examples of uniform substances

A

Air or water

41
Q

Define rays

A

The lines that are used to show the path of light are called rays

42
Q

Define beam

A

A stream of light rays.

43
Q

What is the law of reflection?

A

Angle of incidence= angle of reflection

In other words, light gets reflected from a surface at the same angle it hits it.

44
Q

How are images formed in mirrors?

A

The image is the same way up as the object
The image is the same size as the object
The image is reversed left to right
The image is the same distance behind the mirror as the object in front of it.

45
Q

Define lateral inversion

A

And image being reversed left to right.

46
Q

Define virtual image

A

What you see in a plane mirror (flat mirror)

47
Q

Define diverging lens

A

A diverging lens has a biconcave lens- it is curved inwards on both sides.
Doesn’t have a real focus.

48
Q

Define biconcave

A

A lens is curved inwards on both sides

49
Q

Converging lens

A

It has a biconvex shape- it is curved outward on both sides.

50
Q

Define myopia

A

Short sightedness
This happens when the cornea and lens bend the light too much.
As a result, the light from a distant object focuses in front of the retina.
The image formed on the retina is blurry

51
Q

Define hyperopia

A

Long sightedness
A person who is short-sighted is unable to obtain sharp images of distant objects.
This happens when the cornea and lens bend the light too much.
As a result, the light from a distant object focuses in front of the retina.
The image formed on the retina is blurry.

52
Q

How are images formed by the human eye?

A

An “image” is formed when rays of light that leave one point on the object are brought back to a single point on the screen.

53
Q

How can hyperopia be improved with corrective technologies?

A

Long-sightedness can be corrected by wearing glasses with concavo-convex lenses.
These lenses converge the light just a little before it enters the eye.
As a result, the light from the object focuses on the retina instead of behind it.

54
Q

How can myopia be improved by corrective technologies?

A

Short-sightedness can be corrected by wearing glasses with convexo-concave lenses.
These lenses diverge the light just a little before it enters the eye.
As a result, the light from the object focuses on the retina instead of in front of it.

55
Q

Define transparent

A

Light passes through them and the image that we see is not too distorted or blurred

56
Q

Define Translucent

A

Light passes through them but the image that we see is too distorted or blurred.

57
Q

Define opaque

A

Light cannot pass through them at all and no image can bee seen on the other side of them.
They cast a dark shadow

Science (6 decks)

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