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Cells And Microscopes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The first person to describe cells and give the, this name was..

A

Robert Hooke

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2
Q

About 150 years ago, the cell theory was proposed. Which of the following statements regarding cell theory is correct?

A

All.
Living things are made up of one or more cells
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
All cells come from living cells

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3
Q

If the ocular lense of a microscope has a Magnificat of 5X and the objective lenses are marked 4x, 10x and 40x, then the maximum magnification would be

A

200x

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4
Q

How would you describe what you would see if you looked at a wet mount of a g through a microscope

A

Upside down and back to front

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5
Q

The movement of gases through the stomata of leaves is controlled by…

A

Guard cells

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6
Q

The organelle which provides energy for the various parts of a cell is a…

A

Mitochondrion

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7
Q

Protein in manufactured by…

A

Ribosomes

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8
Q

Both animals and plants have specialised cells to carry out different functions. Guard cell or specialised cells used by plants. What is the function of guard cells?

A

They open and close pores in the leaves

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9
Q

All plants have cells that contain chloroplasts. Which of the following statements about the function of a chloroplast is correct?

A

It produces the food that is used by the plant

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10
Q

The process by which cells replicate themselves is…

A

Cell division or binary fission

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11
Q

If you were looking at a cell with a microscope, which of the following could not be used to help you decide if it was a plant or animal cell

A

The presence or absence of a cell membrane

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12
Q

Fungi come in many different shapes and sizes. They are not considered as plants or animals. They are in a group of their own. Which of the following statements about the cells of fungi is incorrect?

A

Fungal cells make their own food

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13
Q

All cells have a protective coating which contains all the parts inside. This coating is called…

A

Cell membrane

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14
Q

Systems are found in multicellular organisms. A system is…

A

Different organs working together to perform an important function.

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15
Q

Some living organisms are made up of many cellls while others consist of only one cell. What is the name given to an organism that has only one cell?

A

Unicellular

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16
Q

Cells are the basic building blocks of

A

Both plants and animals

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17
Q

Robert Hooke first observed which type of cell

A

Cork

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18
Q

This is the correct order of simplest structure to most complex

A

Cell- tissue - organ - system

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19
Q

When first altering the coarse adjust,net knob on a microscope you should look…

A

From the side

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20
Q

When viewing cells under a microscope, staining is often used to assist with observations. The main benefit of staining is…

A

It improves contrast, making the cell and its features stand out more.

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21
Q

If light travels through a lens of magnification x10 and then throughout a lens magnification x20 the overall magnification would be…

A

200

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22
Q

The field of view gets smaller when the magnification…

A

Decreases

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23
Q

The green pigment in plant cells is…

A

Chlorophyll

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24
Q

Protoctista is a group of organisms…

A

That don’t fit into other groups

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25
Q

The cell membrane of living cells…

A

Controls the flow of substances in and out of the cell.

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26
Q

A large vacuole can be found inside the cells of

A

Plants

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27
Q

Which characteristic do all plant and fungi have in common

A

Their cells have walls

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28
Q

Which characteristic do bacteria and protoctistans have in common

A

They don’t need oxygen

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29
Q

In humans and many other animals, several organs work together to form…

A

A system

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30
Q

Explain how microscopes have improved the study of science

A

It shows and identifies what are inside a cell or what it looks like up close

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31
Q

Identify the scientists who played a part in the development of microscopes

A

Robert Hooke- discovered and named cells

Alton van Leeuwenhoek- was the first to observe unicellular and micro organisms

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32
Q

Explain how light microscopes work

A

It works by shining a light that reflects off a mirror, it shines through an organism Ned through a slide that you can then see

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33
Q

How does a light microscope distinguish between a monocular and binocular

A

Monocular- one eye

Binocular 2 eyes

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34
Q

Electron microscope

A

Electron microscopes must have dead organisms as they need to be covered in a thin metal

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35
Q

What is the biggest difference between plant and animal cells?

A

The presences of a cell wall

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36
Q

Which cells have stomata

A

Leaf cells

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37
Q

What does the xylem tissue do?

A

Carries water and dissolved minerals throughout the plant

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38
Q

What does phloem tissue do?

A

Translocates sugars throughout the plant

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39
Q

Glucose is transported in tubes called

A

Phloem

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40
Q

The movement of water throughout the cell is called…

A

Osmosis?

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41
Q

All plant cells contain a wall

A

False

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42
Q

The ribosomes are the site of photosynthesis within a cell

A

False

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43
Q

The cell membrane allows a substance to pass in and out of the cell

A

True

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44
Q

Animal cells and plant cells are the same size

A

False

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45
Q

When using a light microscope you should use the shortest objective lens first

A

True

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46
Q

All plant cells contain chloroplasts

A

True

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47
Q

All cells are rectangular in shape

A

False

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48
Q

Cells can only be seen with a microscope

A

True

49
Q

The nucleus controls the cell

A

True

50
Q

As the field of view gets smaller the magnification gets larger

A

True

51
Q

Bacteria are smaller than viruses

A

False

52
Q

Robert Hooke first suggested the name cells

A

True

53
Q

When lifting a microscope one hand should be on the body and the other waving at your friends

A

False

54
Q

When using the coarse focus knob you should first watch from the side

A

True

55
Q

When drawing what you see under a microscope you should use shading and draw all the cells you see in the field of view

A

False

56
Q

When drawing a biological diagram you should always include a heading, the date, and the magnification

A

True

57
Q

Mitochondria

A

Supplies the cell with energy

58
Q

Cell membrane

A

Holds the cell together and controls what enters and leaves

59
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls what the cell does

60
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The jelly like substance within a cell

61
Q

Cell wall

A

Gives a plant cell structure

62
Q

Chloroplast

A

Is the site of photosynthesis

63
Q

Ribosomes

A

Packages proteins

64
Q

Vacuole

A

Contains cell sap and water

65
Q

If viruses are assumed to be non-living, all living things are made up of_

A

Cells

66
Q

_are used in the observation and investigation of cells

A

Microscopes

67
Q

When you use a _ light microscope you use only one eye, whereas you use two eyes with a _

A

Monocular, binocular

68
Q

A _ microscope allows you to look at living specimens whereas _ microscopes do not

A

Light, electron

69
Q

When you look down the microscope and move the slide to the right, what you see moves to the _

A

Left

70
Q

Both plant and animal cells usually contain a nucleus and _

A

Cell membrane

71
Q

Plant cells sometimes contain a _______ and ________

A

Vacuole, cell wall

72
Q

The _______ is the control centre of the cell

A

Nucleus

73
Q

Eukaryotic cells have a membrane around their nucleus whereas __________ cells do not

A

Prokaryotic

74
Q

Of the five kingdoms ________, _______, plantar and ________ have eukaryotic cells

A

Animalia, fungi, protoctista

75
Q

The ____ and ____ of cells may differ depending on their function

A

Size and shape

76
Q

Eyepiece lens

A

It bends the light to make the object look bigger

77
Q

Microscope tube

A

Light travels through it to the eyepiece

78
Q

Coarse and fine focus knobs

A

They move the lens up or down so that the object can be seen clearly

79
Q

Objective lens

A

It can be changed so that the object can be magnified more or less

80
Q

Stage

A

This holds the slide with the object you are looking at in place

81
Q

Mirror

A

This makes the light bounce through the slide into the lens

82
Q

Base

A

this holds the microscope up

83
Q

Eyepiece = x10

Objective lens = x4

A

Total mag= x40

84
Q

Eyepiece = x10

Objective lens= x10

A

Total mag= x100

85
Q

Eyepiece = x10

Objective lens = x40

A

Total mag= x400

86
Q

Kingdom protoctista

A

Cells have chloroplasts and a nucleus

87
Q

Kingdom prokaryote

A

Cells have DNA but no nucleus

88
Q

Kingdom plantae

A

Cells have chloroplasts, cell walls and vacuoles

89
Q

Kingdom Animalia

A

Cells have a cell wall but no vacuoles

90
Q

Kingdom fungi

A

Cells have no chloroplasts and no vacuoles

91
Q

Name two organelles found inside a cell

A

Ribosomes and nucleus

92
Q

Name two types of cells

A

Plant cell animal cell

93
Q

Name two types of tissues

A

Skin tissue and muscle tissue

94
Q

Name two organs

A

Heart and lungs

95
Q

Name two body systems

A

Respiratory system and digestive system

96
Q

How have microscopes improved the study of science?

A

They have allowed scientist to have a closer look at what makes up different things. They have also allowed them to discover bacteria and viruses that are dangerous and find cures

97
Q

Identify the scientists who played a part in the development of the microscope

A 
Robert Hooke (1965) made a microscope and used it to observe things in cork. He called them cells. 
Anton van Leeuwenhoek made his own microscope and was the first to observe unicellular organisms. 
Theodor Schwann proposed that all animals are made of cells and that cells are the basic unit of living things
98
Q

Discuss why cells are so small and be familiar with the units used to measure the size of cells

A

Cells are small because they are small.
Millimetres-vmm- 1000
Micrometres- μm- 1000 000
Nanometres-vnm- 1000 000 000

99
Q

How does a light microscope work?

A

By bending light to make an object appear bigger when looking through the eyepiece on different magnifications

100
Q

What is the difference between a monocular and binocular microscope

A 
Monocular = one eye
Binocular = two eyes
101
Q

What is the difference between a light microscope and an electron microscope?

A

Light- smaller, can be dead or alive specimen, can use wet mounts, does not have to be covered in metal
Electron- has to be covered in metal, bigger, must be dead specimens

102
Q

What is the difference between a unicellular and a multicellular organism. Give an example of each

A

Multi cellular- more than one cell
E.g. Human, animal, plant…
Unicellular- only one cell
E.g. Bacteria

103
Q

What is the difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell?

A

Prokaryotic- no nucleus

Eukaryotic- nucleus

104
Q

Why do multicellular organisms have different types of cell?

A

Because each cell has different DNA and belongs to a different part of the organism

105
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Controlled by chloroplasts and is energy made by cells from the sun

106
Q

Where are guard cells found and what is their function?

A

Found in plants on the leaves. Controls what gases enter and leave through the stomata?

107
Q

Vascular bundles

A

Phloem and xylem cells located together. They are stronger this way

108
Q

Translocation

A

The transport of the sugar solution up and down the plant

109
Q

Diffusion

A

Moves substances from where they are in a high concentration so does not require energy

110
Q

Osmosis

A

Water moves across the membrane via a special type of diffusion called osmosis. This movement of water into and out of the guard cells is responsible for opening and closing the stomata

111
Q

Transpiration

A

Loss of water vapour through the stomata

112
Q

Xylem cells

A

Dead cells that make up the xylem tubes. The role of xylem tubes is to move water around the plant.

113
Q

Phloem cells

A

Living cells that creat the phloem tubes. The phloem tubes move the glucose around the plant

114
Q

Understand

A

Scientists use their knowledge of cell division of disease causing organisms to control or kill them

115
Q

Mitosis

A

Mitosis is a type of cell division that produces identical cells. The name of a process involved in cell division in eukaryotic cells. Some organisms use this type of cell division to reproduce. Multicellular organisms also use mitosis to produce cells for growth, development, repair and replacement. When cells grow big enough that they can split in half

116
Q

Cell division

A

When cells grow large enough that they can split in half to form two identical cells

117
Q

Scientists knowledge of cell division.

A

They use their knowledge of cell division of disease causing organisms to control or kill them. antibiotics can be used to kill bacteria inside your body. Disinfectants can be used to kill bacteria on surfaces of non-living objects. Disinfectants should not be used on your skin as they damage your skin cells. Antiseptics that kill bacteria can be used on your skin. They are referred to as bactericidal, and those that stop bacteria from growing or dividing ( but do not kill them) are called bacteriostatic

118
Q

Flaccid

A

Is when too much water is lost or not enough water is available. This causes the cells to become soft or flaccid and makes the plant wilt.

119
Q

Turgid

A

Is when the cells are firm and healthy

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