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Cells And Microscopes Flashcards

(119 cards)

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1
Q

The first person to describe cells and give the, this name was..

A

Robert Hooke

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2
Q

About 150 years ago, the cell theory was proposed. Which of the following statements regarding cell theory is correct?

A

All.
Living things are made up of one or more cells
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
All cells come from living cells

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3
Q

If the ocular lense of a microscope has a Magnificat of 5X and the objective lenses are marked 4x, 10x and 40x, then the maximum magnification would be

A

200x

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4
Q

How would you describe what you would see if you looked at a wet mount of a g through a microscope

A

Upside down and back to front

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5
Q

The movement of gases through the stomata of leaves is controlled by…

A

Guard cells

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6
Q

The organelle which provides energy for the various parts of a cell is a…

A

Mitochondrion

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7
Q

Protein in manufactured by…

A

Ribosomes

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8
Q

Both animals and plants have specialised cells to carry out different functions. Guard cell or specialised cells used by plants. What is the function of guard cells?

A

They open and close pores in the leaves

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9
Q

All plants have cells that contain chloroplasts. Which of the following statements about the function of a chloroplast is correct?

A

It produces the food that is used by the plant

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10
Q

The process by which cells replicate themselves is…

A

Cell division or binary fission

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11
Q

If you were looking at a cell with a microscope, which of the following could not be used to help you decide if it was a plant or animal cell

A

The presence or absence of a cell membrane

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12
Q

Fungi come in many different shapes and sizes. They are not considered as plants or animals. They are in a group of their own. Which of the following statements about the cells of fungi is incorrect?

A

Fungal cells make their own food

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13
Q

All cells have a protective coating which contains all the parts inside. This coating is called…

A

Cell membrane

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14
Q

Systems are found in multicellular organisms. A system is…

A

Different organs working together to perform an important function.

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15
Q

Some living organisms are made up of many cellls while others consist of only one cell. What is the name given to an organism that has only one cell?

A

Unicellular

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16
Q

Cells are the basic building blocks of

A

Both plants and animals

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17
Q

Robert Hooke first observed which type of cell

A

Cork

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18
Q

This is the correct order of simplest structure to most complex

A

Cell- tissue - organ - system

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19
Q

When first altering the coarse adjust,net knob on a microscope you should look…

A

From the side

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20
Q

When viewing cells under a microscope, staining is often used to assist with observations. The main benefit of staining is…

A

It improves contrast, making the cell and its features stand out more.

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21
Q

If light travels through a lens of magnification x10 and then throughout a lens magnification x20 the overall magnification would be…

A

200

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22
Q

The field of view gets smaller when the magnification…

A

Decreases

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23
Q

The green pigment in plant cells is…

A

Chlorophyll

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24
Q

Protoctista is a group of organisms…

A

That don’t fit into other groups

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25
The cell membrane of living cells...
Controls the flow of substances in and out of the cell.
26
A large vacuole can be found inside the cells of
Plants
27
Which characteristic do all plant and fungi have in common
Their cells have walls
28
Which characteristic do bacteria and protoctistans have in common
They don't need oxygen
29
In humans and many other animals, several organs work together to form...
A system
30
Explain how microscopes have improved the study of science
It shows and identifies what are inside a cell or what it looks like up close
31
Identify the scientists who played a part in the development of microscopes
Robert Hooke- discovered and named cells | Alton van Leeuwenhoek- was the first to observe unicellular and micro organisms
32
Explain how light microscopes work
It works by shining a light that reflects off a mirror, it shines through an organism Ned through a slide that you can then see
33
How does a light microscope distinguish between a monocular and binocular
Monocular- one eye | Binocular 2 eyes
34
Electron microscope
Electron microscopes must have dead organisms as they need to be covered in a thin metal
35
What is the biggest difference between plant and animal cells?
The presences of a cell wall
36
Which cells have stomata
Leaf cells
37
What does the xylem tissue do?
Carries water and dissolved minerals throughout the plant
38
What does phloem tissue do?
Translocates sugars throughout the plant
39
Glucose is transported in tubes called
Phloem
40
The movement of water throughout the cell is called...
Osmosis?
41
All plant cells contain a wall
False
42
The ribosomes are the site of photosynthesis within a cell
False
43
The cell membrane allows a substance to pass in and out of the cell
True
44
Animal cells and plant cells are the same size
False
45
When using a light microscope you should use the shortest objective lens first
True
46
All plant cells contain chloroplasts
True
47
All cells are rectangular in shape
False
48
Cells can only be seen with a microscope
True
49
The nucleus controls the cell
True
50
As the field of view gets smaller the magnification gets larger
True
51
Bacteria are smaller than viruses
False
52
Robert Hooke first suggested the name cells
True
53
When lifting a microscope one hand should be on the body and the other waving at your friends
False
54
When using the coarse focus knob you should first watch from the side
True
55
When drawing what you see under a microscope you should use shading and draw all the cells you see in the field of view
False
56
When drawing a biological diagram you should always include a heading, the date, and the magnification
True
57
Mitochondria
Supplies the cell with energy
58
Cell membrane
Holds the cell together and controls what enters and leaves
59
Nucleus
Controls what the cell does
60
Cytoplasm
The jelly like substance within a cell
61
Cell wall
Gives a plant cell structure
62
Chloroplast
Is the site of photosynthesis
63
Ribosomes
Packages proteins
64
Vacuole
Contains cell sap and water
65
If viruses are assumed to be non-living, all living things are made up of_
Cells
66
_are used in the observation and investigation of cells
Microscopes
67
When you use a _ light microscope you use only one eye, whereas you use two eyes with a _
Monocular, binocular
68
A _ microscope allows you to look at living specimens whereas _ microscopes do not
Light, electron
69
When you look down the microscope and move the slide to the right, what you see moves to the _
Left
70
Both plant and animal cells usually contain a nucleus and _
Cell membrane
71
Plant cells sometimes contain a _______ and ________
Vacuole, cell wall
72
The _______ is the control centre of the cell
Nucleus
73
Eukaryotic cells have a membrane around their nucleus whereas __________ cells do not
Prokaryotic
74
Of the five kingdoms ________, _______, plantar and ________ have eukaryotic cells
Animalia, fungi, protoctista
75
The ____ and ____ of cells may differ depending on their function
Size and shape
76
Eyepiece lens
It bends the light to make the object look bigger
77
Microscope tube
Light travels through it to the eyepiece
78
Coarse and fine focus knobs
They move the lens up or down so that the object can be seen clearly
79
Objective lens
It can be changed so that the object can be magnified more or less
80
Stage
This holds the slide with the object you are looking at in place
81
Mirror
This makes the light bounce through the slide into the lens
82
Base
this holds the microscope up
83
Eyepiece = x10 | Objective lens = x4
Total mag= x40
84
Eyepiece = x10 | Objective lens= x10
Total mag= x100
85
Eyepiece = x10 | Objective lens = x40
Total mag= x400
86
Kingdom protoctista
Cells have chloroplasts and a nucleus
87
Kingdom prokaryote
Cells have DNA but no nucleus
88
Kingdom plantae
Cells have chloroplasts, cell walls and vacuoles
89
Kingdom Animalia
Cells have a cell wall but no vacuoles
90
Kingdom fungi
Cells have no chloroplasts and no vacuoles
91
Name two organelles found inside a cell
Ribosomes and nucleus
92
Name two types of cells
Plant cell animal cell
93
Name two types of tissues
Skin tissue and muscle tissue
94
Name two organs
Heart and lungs
95
Name two body systems
Respiratory system and digestive system
96
How have microscopes improved the study of science?
They have allowed scientist to have a closer look at what makes up different things. They have also allowed them to discover bacteria and viruses that are dangerous and find cures
97
Identify the scientists who played a part in the development of the microscope
``` Robert Hooke (1965) made a microscope and used it to observe things in cork. He called them cells. Anton van Leeuwenhoek made his own microscope and was the first to observe unicellular organisms. Theodor Schwann proposed that all animals are made of cells and that cells are the basic unit of living things ```
98
Discuss why cells are so small and be familiar with the units used to measure the size of cells
Cells are small because they are small. Millimetres-vmm- 1000 Micrometres- μm- 1000 000 Nanometres-vnm- 1000 000 000
99
How does a light microscope work?
By bending light to make an object appear bigger when looking through the eyepiece on different magnifications
100
What is the difference between a monocular and binocular microscope
``` Monocular = one eye Binocular = two eyes ```
101
What is the difference between a light microscope and an electron microscope?
Light- smaller, can be dead or alive specimen, can use wet mounts, does not have to be covered in metal Electron- has to be covered in metal, bigger, must be dead specimens
102
What is the difference between a unicellular and a multicellular organism. Give an example of each
Multi cellular- more than one cell E.g. Human, animal, plant... Unicellular- only one cell E.g. Bacteria
103
What is the difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell?
Prokaryotic- no nucleus | Eukaryotic- nucleus
104
Why do multicellular organisms have different types of cell?
Because each cell has different DNA and belongs to a different part of the organism
105
Photosynthesis
Controlled by chloroplasts and is energy made by cells from the sun
106
Where are guard cells found and what is their function?
Found in plants on the leaves. Controls what gases enter and leave through the stomata?
107
Vascular bundles
Phloem and xylem cells located together. They are stronger this way
108
Translocation
The transport of the sugar solution up and down the plant
109
Diffusion
Moves substances from where they are in a high concentration so does not require energy
110
Osmosis
Water moves across the membrane via a special type of diffusion called osmosis. This movement of water into and out of the guard cells is responsible for opening and closing the stomata
111
Transpiration
Loss of water vapour through the stomata
112
Xylem cells
Dead cells that make up the xylem tubes. The role of xylem tubes is to move water around the plant.
113
Phloem cells
Living cells that creat the phloem tubes. The phloem tubes move the glucose around the plant
114
Understand
Scientists use their knowledge of cell division of disease causing organisms to control or kill them
115
Mitosis
Mitosis is a type of cell division that produces identical cells. The name of a process involved in cell division in eukaryotic cells. Some organisms use this type of cell division to reproduce. Multicellular organisms also use mitosis to produce cells for growth, development, repair and replacement. When cells grow big enough that they can split in half
116
Cell division
When cells grow large enough that they can split in half to form two identical cells
117
Scientists knowledge of cell division.
They use their knowledge of cell division of disease causing organisms to control or kill them. antibiotics can be used to kill bacteria inside your body. Disinfectants can be used to kill bacteria on surfaces of non-living objects. Disinfectants should not be used on your skin as they damage your skin cells. Antiseptics that kill bacteria can be used on your skin. They are referred to as bactericidal, and those that stop bacteria from growing or dividing ( but do not kill them) are called bacteriostatic
118
Flaccid
Is when too much water is lost or not enough water is available. This causes the cells to become soft or flaccid and makes the plant wilt.
119
Turgid
Is when the cells are firm and healthy

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