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Science > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the unit of energy?

A

Joule

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2
Q

System:

A

a connected set of resources and processes

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3
Q

The law of conservation of energy:

A

the law that states energy can neither be created or destroyed. Only transferred e.g. solar energy or transformed e.g. hydroelectricity

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4
Q

useful energy

A

when energy is captured for a purpose

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5
Q

wasteful energy:

A

When energy is produced as a side effect and lost from a system

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6
Q

Energy efficiency formula

A

Efficiency of energy use = useful energy output / total input energy x 100/1 %

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7
Q

Qualitative measurements:

A

measurement that we describe such as hot, cold

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8
Q

Quantitive measurements:

A

measurements that we can give a numeric value to such as degrees celsius, metres, hertz etc.

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9
Q

What are the two scales for measuring temperature:

A
  1. Degrees celsius

2. Kelvin

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10
Q

How to calculate Kelvin:

A

temperature (K) = temperature C + 273

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11
Q

what is thermal energy?

A

the energy of the particles of which a substance is made; heat energy

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12
Q

What is thermal equilibrium?

A

the result of two interacting systems coming to the same temperature

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13
Q

what is conduction?

A

The transfer of heat energy by direct contact between particles in systems (occurs in solids)

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14
Q

What is convection?

A

the bulk movement of a fluid that carries thermal energy from a system

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15
Q

what is radiation?

A

The infrared electromagnetic radiation that carries thermal energy from a system.

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16
Q

input:

A

a resource that flows into a system

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17
Q

output:

A

the intended product of a system

18
Q

local system:

A

a defined system connected to other systems

19
Q

surrounding system:

A

the immediate system into which emissions from a local system are transferred

20
Q

universe:

A

the ultimate system

21
Q

Kinetic energy:

A

energy of movement

22
Q

potential energy:

A

energy other than kinetic energy that is ready to be transferred or transformed

23
Q

calibration points:

A

a value of a quantity that is used to define a scale

24
Q

car safety systems:

A

all safety systems transfer and transform energy so that it has the least dangerous effect on people.

25
Q

work:

A

the force applied over a distance; a way of transferring mechanical energy; w = F x d

WORK DONE = ENERGY TRANSFERRED

26
Q

About sankey diagrams:

A
  • way of showing the conservation of energy

- show energy transfers taking place

27
Q

Explain what is meant by the term energy

A

Energy is the capacity to do work

28
Q

What is an energy transfer?

A

The energy is sent somewhere else e.g. guitar transfers sound to air

29
Q

What is energy transformation?

A

Energy is changed e.g. solar to heat

30
Q

Show the energy transformations of an:

  • Playing music on an iPod
  • Hydroelectricity
A

Electrical —-> Heat and sound
Potential—–> Kinetics ——> Electrical
—> Sound

31
Q

For the following, provide the energy type, description and examples.

  • Potential
  • Kinetic
  • Thermal
A

Potential - Due to state or position - water in dam
Kinetic - Due to movement - car moving
Thermal - due to vibration of particles - microwave oven

32
Q

state the units of energy

A

Joules or kilojoules

33
Q

How to convert Celsius into Fahrenheit:

A

Temperature (F) = Temperature (C) x 1.8 + 32

34
Q

Explain how conduction transfers thermal energy

A

Due to movement (kinetic energy) of particles (solids)

35
Q

Explain how convection transfers thermal energy

A

Due to density differences (liquids)

36
Q

Explain how radiation transfers thermal energy

A

Thermal energy carried by electromagnetic radiation (gases/space)

37
Q

write the general chemical reaction for hydrocarbons burning:

A

hydrocarbon + oxygen —-> carbon dioxide + water + Thermal energy

38
Q

outline how a seat belt helps to save lives:

A

They restrain the occupants so they do not bounce around in the car or get thrown out, therefore stop injuries

39
Q

Outline how an airbag helps to save lives:

A

They inflate rapidly on impact to stop people sustaining injuries from the driving wheel

40
Q

Outline how the crumple zone helps to save lives:

A

These are designed to absorb the force of the impact and thus preserve the main body of the car

Science (9 decks)

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