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Physics > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

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AP® Physics flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
0
Q

When a metal bar is heated at one end, the free electrons at that end … They … And … With other free electrons. As a result, they … Energy from the hot end of the metal. The free electrons … With the atoms and make them … More.

A 
Move faster
Vibrate
Collide
Transfer
Collide
Diffuse
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1
Q

Metals are good conductors because…

A

They contain lots of electrons that can move about freely inside the metal

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2
Q

What material is the best conductor

A

Copper

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3
Q

What material is used to make saucepan handles from

A

Plastic

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4
Q

Which material would be best for loft insulation

A

Felt/foam

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5
Q

Which material is used to make heating radiators from

A

Steel

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6
Q

Ways to reduce heat loss from your home

A

Double glazed windows
Loft insulation
Thermostat

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7
Q

Double glazed windows

A

Vacuum in the middle of two glass panes with a plastic frame

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8
Q

Double glazed windows cut down heat loss in the house as glass is a … Conductor and the panes are … Times as thick as a single pane. Plastic is a … Insulator so it … Very little heat. There is no … Or … Through the vacuum because a vacuum is empty space.

A 
Poor
Three
Good
Loses
Conduction
Convection
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9
Q

Cold water pipes at home freeze in the winter and could burst as ice has a larger volume than water, give a solution and a reason.

A

Put insulation around them in order for the heat not to be lost ie rubber/plastic/felt

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10
Q

Label a vacuum flask

A

In workbook

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11
Q

Plastic cap on a vacuum flask cuts down … as it is a … Conductor. Double walled glass container cuts down … As it … Vacuum cuts down … And … As it cannot … Due to the absence of … Plastic container provides … As it …

A 
Conduction
Poor
Radiation
Reflects
Convection
Conduction
Cannot occur
Particles
Insulation
Traps heat
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12
Q

Thermal radiation is energy transfer by…

A

Electro magnetic waves

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13
Q

All bodies emit …

A

Thermal radiation (more if hotter)

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14
Q

…surfaces are better absorbers and emitters of thermal radiation than … Surfaces

A

Dark matt

Light shiny

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15
Q

Non metals are bad conductors as they do not..

A

Contain free electrons

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16
Q

Materials such as fibre glass are … Insulators as they contain pockets of trapped …

A

Good

Air

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17
Q

Convection takes place only in

A

Liquids and gases

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18
Q

Heating a liquid or a gas makes it … Dense

A

Less

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19
Q

Convection is due to a hot liquid or gas …

A

Rising

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20
Q

A radiator has a large surface area so it can

A

Lose heat easily

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21
Q

Large objects lose heat … Than small objects do

A

More easily

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22
Q

4 ways a building can reduce heat loss

A
  • aluminium foil behind radiators
  • cavity wall insulation
  • double glazing
  • loft insulation
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23
Q

Conduction

A

The transfer of heat through matter (the matter does not move) passing the energy from one vibrating atom to the next

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24
Q

Are metals good conductors

A

Yes, while non metallic substances are poor conductors of heat

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25
Q

Poor conductors of heat are also known as

A

Insulators

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26
Q

What is the best insulator of heat

A

A vacuum

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27
Q

Only heat can pass through a vacuum via

A

Radiation

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28
Q

Air is also one of the best insulators as

A

Very little heat can pass through by conduction

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29
Q

Uses of poor conductors

A

Food containers ie styrofoam

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30
Q

Example use of good conductors of heat

A

Cooking pots and pans

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31
Q

Convection

A

The transfer of heat from one place to another by the movement of the heated material itself

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32
Q

Convection occurs in

A

Only liquids and gases

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33
Q

Convection produces a convection current where

A

Hot air/liquid will rise and expand while colder air/liquid sinks like a circle

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34
Q

Radiation

A

The transfer of energy through a vacuum in the form of electromagnetic waves

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35
Q

Dark or black with dull surfaces … Heat and .., heat easily

A

Radiate/emit

Absorb

36
Q

Objects with shiny and smooth surfaces are .. Radiators and absorbers of heat

A

Bad

37
Q

Explain why a string vest may keep you cooler in the winter

A

As air particles are captured in the holes of the vest, which make an insulation

38
Q

What can be used on doors in houses to prevent heat loss

A

Plastic strips along the seems for insulation

39
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Movement energy, car, running, blood

40
Q

Gravitational potential energy

A

Energy gained by reaching a higher point, rocket, lift, jumping

41
Q

Elastic potential energy

A

Energy gained by stretching, rubber band, spring, trampoline

42
Q

Nuclear energy

A

Energy stored in the nucleus of atoms, bomb, atom nucleus, power station

43
Q

Sound energy

A

Energy that projects noise, speaking, instrument, ultrasound

44
Q

Thermal energy

A

Heat energy, fire, sun, animals

45
Q

Chemical energy

A

Energy stored in things like food, batteries, petrol

46
Q

Electrical energy

A

Energy with an electrical current, chargers, radio, TV

47
Q

Light energy

A

Energy that produces a beam, firework, lightbulb, sun

48
Q

Write the energy transformation equation

A

Input energy –> useful energy output + wasted energy output

49
Q

Popping a balloon energy transformation

A

Kinetic –> sound + kinetic

50
Q

Wind up torch energy transformation

A

Elastic potential + sound –> light + thermal

51
Q

How does convection force a hot air balloon to fly

A

Hot air is less dense than cold air so therefore it rises, forcing the balloon to fly as the hot air cannot escape

52
Q

Some fossil fuels

A

Coal
Oil
Natural gas

53
Q

Main energy source of the planet is

A

Fossil fuels

54
Q

What is a non renewable energy source

A

One that effectively cannot be replaced once it has been used

55
Q

Burning fossil fuels lets

A

CO2 off into the atmosphere which is a greenhouse gas

56
Q

Greenhouse gases .. The suns heat in the earths atmosphere and cause the average temp of the atmosphere to .. This is called …

A

Trap
Rise
Global warming

57
Q

Burning … Releases more CO2 than any other fossil fuel when burnt

A

Coal

58
Q

When … Is burnt it releases the least amount of CO2 into the atmosphere in fossil fuels

A

Natural gas

59
Q

There is no way of avoiding the … Of carbon dioxide when fuels are burnt

A

Release

60
Q

Most types of coal and oil contain

A

Sulphur

61
Q

When sulphur is burnt it converts into

A

Sulphur dioxide

62
Q

When sulphur dioxide mixes with water in the atmosphere it forms

A

Acid rain

63
Q

Acid rain causes damages to

A

People, buildings, trees, lakes

64
Q

It is possible to remove sulphur and sulphur dioxide, however

A

It increases the cost of production

65
Q

Nuclear reactors use .. To produce energy

A

Uranium (a particular isotope of it)

66
Q

Even though nuclear reactors need a small amount of uranium it is in

A

Limited supply

67
Q

Nuclear fuel is considered

A

Clean

68
Q

The cost of nuclear fuel is very low however there is a … Risk of accidents and when the station is finished with it is hard to get rid of materials such as … If they are released it can cause long lasting affects to … Nuclear power stations are also … To build

A

High
Plutonium and uranium
Living things
Very expensive

69
Q

When burning energy sources, the heat is used to … water, causing high … steam that makes the blades of a turbine … The turbine is used to spin the generator which makes …

A

Warm
Pressure
Spin
Electricity

70
Q

Renewable energy source is one that

A

Will not run out ie wood

71
Q

Wood when burnt produces

A

Fossil fuels

72
Q

What is hydroelectric power

A

These stations use GPE of water in high reservoirs built in mountains, converted to KE when the water is releases and flows down the mountain to the power station below, as it drops the turbine is used to turn the generators

73
Q

Hydroelectric power is renewable because

A

When it rains the reservoirs are refilled

74
Q

Hydroelectric powers only disadvantage is

A

Spoiling landscape

Possibly destroying/altering natural habitat for wildlife

75
Q

Tidal power is

A

A mass amount of water generates power by turning turbines as the tide flows into a dammed river estuary, as the tide falls and the water flows out of the estuary the turbines are spun again , however not many places are suited for this

76
Q

Wind power is

A

Only windmill plants where a lot of wind blows for a significant proportion of the year, can ruin landscape, cause noise pollution, kill birds and bats at night

77
Q

Solar power is

A

Solar cells which convert light energy directly into electrical energy however not efficient and expensive, they absorb thermal radiation and use it to heat water

78
Q

Geothermal energy is

A

Heat energy stored deep inside the earth, found in volcanic regions, decay of radioactive elements such as uranium, iceland used to drive the turbines in electricity generation stations, water also used to provide heating by piping directly to houses, can also be used in areas without hot springs in rock layers a few metres deep hot enough to produce steam

79
Q

Different types of power station differ in

A

Speed with which they can meet changes in demand for electricity

80
Q

Early morning demand

A

Hugh

81
Q

Winter demand

A

High

82
Q

Nuclear power … Meet immediate energy surge demands

A

Cannot

As it takes a long time to heat up

83
Q

Fossil fuel burners can start easier and quicker but

A

Will still take time before they start to produce electricity

84
Q

Hydroelectric power is reliable and

A

Can quickly produce electricity

85
Q

Wind power producing is totally dependent on

A

The strength, direction and frequency

86
Q

The cost of producing nuclear energy

A

Is low but to build the stations is very expensive, the pay back time is long and demolition process is slow and expensive

87
Q

Cost of windfarms

A

Is much lower than nuclear however it produces less energy so payback time is still long

Physics (32 decks)

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